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bool flock ( int handle, int operation [, int &wouldblock] );
flock() 操作的 handle 必须是一个已经打开的文件指针。operation 可以是以下值之一:

要取得共享锁定(读取程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_SH(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本设置为 1) 要取得独占锁定(写入程序),将 operation 设为 LOCK_EX(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 2) 要释放锁定(无论共享或独占),将 operation 设为 LOCK_UN(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 3) 如果你不希望 flock() 在锁定时堵塞,则给 operation 加上 LOCK_NB(PHP 4.0.1 以前的版本中设置为 4)

建两个文件
(1) a.php

$file = "temp.txt";    $fp = fopen($file , 'w');    if(flock($fp , LOCK_EX)){         fwrite($fp , "abc\n");         sleep(10);         fwrite($fp , "123\n");        flock($fp , LOCK_UN);    }    fclose($fp);   

(2) b.php

$file = "temp.txt";    $fp = fopen($file , 'r');    echo fread($fp , 100);    fclose($fp);   

运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
abc
等 a.php 运行完后运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
abc
123
显然,当 a.php 写文件时数据太大,导致时间比较长时,这时 b.php 读取数据不完整

修改 b.php 为:

$file = "temp.txt";    $fp = fopen($file , 'r');    if(flock($fp , LOCK_EX)){        echo fread($fp , 100);        flock($fp , LOCK_UN);    } else{        echo "Lock file failed...\n";    }    fclose($fp);   

运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以发现 b.php 会等到 a.php 运行完成后(即 10 秒后)才显示:
abc
123
读取数据完整,但时间过长,他要等待写锁释放。

修改 b.php 为:

$file = "temp.txt";    $fp = fopen($file , 'r');    if(flock($fp , LOCK_SH | LOCK_NB)){        echo fread($fp , 100);        flock($fp , LOCK_UN);    } else{        echo "Lock file failed...\n";    }    fclose($fp);   

运行 a.php 后,马上运行 b.php ,可以看到输出:
Lock file failed…
证明可以返回锁文件失败状态,而不是向上面一样要等很久。

结论:
建议作文件缓存时,选好相关的锁,不然可能导致读取数据不完整,或重复写入数据。
file_get_contents 好像选择不了锁,不知道他默认用的什么锁,反正和不锁得到的输出一样,是不完整的数据。
我是要做文件缓存,所以只需要知道是否有写锁存在即可,有的话就查数据库就可以了。
测试环境:Linux(Ubuntu 6) , PHP 5.1.2 , Apache 2

再转:

文件锁有两种:共享锁和排他锁,也就是读锁(LOCK_SH)和写锁(LOCK_EX) 
文件的锁一般这么使用:

$fp = fopen("filename", "a");    flock($fp, LOCK_SH) or die("lock error")    $str = fread($fp, 1024);    flock($fp, LOCK_UN);    fclose($fp);  


注意fwrite之后,文件立即就被更新了,而不是等fwrite然后fclose之后文件才会更新,这个可以通过在fwrite之后fclose之前读取这个文件进行检查 

但是什么时候使用lock_ex什么时候使用lock_sh呢? 

读的时候: 
如果不想出现dirty数据,那么最好使用lock_sh共享锁。可以考虑以下三种情况: 
1. 如果读的时候没有加共享锁,那么其他程序要写的话(不管这个写是加锁还是不加锁)都会立即写成功。如果正好读了一半,然后被其他程序给写了,那么读的后一半就有可能跟前一半对不上(前一半是修改前的,后一半是修改后的) 
2. 如果读的时候加上了共享锁(因为只是读,没有必要使用排他锁),这个时候,其他程序开始写,这个写程序没有使用锁,那么写程序会直接修改这个文件,也会导致前面一样的问题 
3. 最理想的情况是,读的时候加锁(lock_sh),写的时候也进行加锁(lock_ex),这样写程序会等着读程序完成之后才进行操作,而不会出现贸然操作的情况 

写的时候: 
如果多个写程序不加锁同时对文件进行操作,那么最后的数据有可能一部分是a程序写的,一部分是b程序写的 
如果写的时候加锁了,这个时候有其他的程序来读,那么他会读到什么东西呢? 
1. 如果读程序没有申请共享锁,那么他会读到dirty的数据。比如写程序要写a,b,c三部分,写完a,这时候读读到的是a,继续写b,这时候读读到的是ab,然后写c,这时候读到的是abc. 
2. 如果读程序在之前申请了共享锁,那么读程序会等写程序将abc写完并释放锁之后才进行读。 

还有一篇也写得不错的博文:

http://hxsdit.com/1110
 

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