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一、 语言比较 
  Php是解释执行的服务器脚本语言,首先php有简单容易上手的特点。语法和c语言比较象,所以学过c语言的程序员可以很快的熟悉php的开发。而java需要先学好java的语法和熟悉一些核心的类库,懂得面向对象的程序设计方法。所以java不如php好学。

二、 数据库访问比较 
  Java通过JDBC来访问数据库,通过不同的数据库厂商提供的数据库驱动方便地访问数据库。访问数据库的接口比较统一。 
  PHP对于不同的数据库采用不同的数据库访问接口,所以数据库访问代码的通用性不强。例如:用Java开发的web应用从MySQL数据库转到Oracle数据库只需要做很少的修改。而PHP则需要做大量的修改工作。

 三、 系统设计架构比较 
  采用Java的web开发技术,需要使用的是面向对象的系统设计方法,而PHP还是采用面向过程的开发方法。所以用Java进行开发前期需要做大量的系统分析和设计的工作。 
  四、 跨平台性 
  Java和PHP都有很好的跨平台的特性。几乎都可以在不作任何修改的情况下运行在Linux或者Windows等不同的操作系统上。 
  五、 开发成本比较 
  PHP最经典的组合就是:PHP + MySQL + Apache。非常适合开发中小型的web应用,开发的速度比较快。而且所有的软件都是开源免费的,可以减少投入。 
  Java的web应用服务器有免费Tomcat、JBoss等,如果需要更好的商业化的服务有:Web Sphere和 Web logic。

 六、 分布式多层架构比较 
  PHP只能实现简单的分布式两层或三层的架构,而JAVA在这方面就比较强大,可以实现多层的网络架构。数据库层(持久化层)、应用(业务)逻辑层、表示逻辑层彼此分开,而且现在不同的层都已经有一些成熟的开发框架的支持。

  七、 源代码安全 
  PHP开发的程序的源代码都是公开的,他人拿到php开发的程序后都可以进行修改。 
  Java开发的程序,最后用户拿到的是只是一些编译好的class类,无法看到完整的源代码,安全性高。 
  八、性能比较 
  有人做过试验,对这两种种语言分别做回圈性能测试及存取Oracle数据库测试。 
  在循环性能测试中,JSP只用了令人吃惊的四秒钟就结束了20000*20000的回圈。而PHP测试的是2000*2000循环(少一个数量级),却分别用了63秒。 
  数据库测试中,二者分别对 Oracle 8 进行 1000 次 Insert,Update,Select和Delete: JSP 需要 13 秒,PHP 需要 69 秒。

  表格 1 PHP 与Java的比较

   PHP JAVA

  可复用性 低 高

  开发速度 快 慢

  易维护性 差 优

  可移植性 优-Linux、Windows、Unix等

  安全性 低 高

  开发费用 低 高

  多层架构 差 优

  数据库访问 接口不统一 接口统一

  可扩展性 差 优

  面向对象 差 优   

  综上所述,PHP适合于快速开发,中小型应用系统,开发成本低,能够对变动的需求作出快速的反应。而Java适合于开发大型的应用系统,应用的前景比较广阔,系统易维护、可复用性较好。还有,同样功能的系统用Java开发的系统要比PHP开发的系统的价格要高.

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