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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial【代码实现】使用PHP导入和导出CSV文件

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项目开发中,很多时候要将外部CSV文件导入到数据库中或者将数据导出为CSV文件,那么具体该如何实现呢?本文将使用PHP并结合mysql,实现了CSV格式数据的导入和导出功能。

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我们先准备mysql数据表,假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student,并有id,name,sex,age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息。

 CREATE TABLE `student` (   `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,   `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,   `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL,   `age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0',   PRIMARY KEY  (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

我们还需要一个html交互页面,放置导入表单和导出按钮。

 
     

请选择要导入的CSV文件:
      

 
 

选择好本地csv文件后,点击导入,提交到do.php?action=import处理,而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理。

1.导入CSV

do.php需要根据get过来的参数,分别处理导入和导出过程,php结构如下:

 include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库  $action = $_GET['action']; if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV    //导入处理 } elseif ($action=='export') { //导出CSV    //导出处理 } 

导入CSV处理流程:校验csv文件合法性(本文忽略)->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成。

 if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV     $filename = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];     if (empty ($filename)) {         echo '请选择要导入的CSV文件!';         exit;     }     $handle = fopen($filename, 'r');     $result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv     $len_result = count($result);     if($len_result==0){         echo '没有任何数据!';         exit;     }     for ($i = 1; $i    <p> 注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv,使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段。下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回。</p>   <pre style="代码" class="precsshei"> function input_csv($handle) {     $out = array ();     $n = 0;     while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000)) {         $num = count($data);         for ($i = 0; $i    <p> 此外在导入到数据库中时,我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的,因此在构建SQL语句时,要稍作处理,见代码。</p>   <h4 id="导出CSV"> 2.导出CSV</h4>   <p> 我们知道csv文件是由逗号分割符组成的纯文本文件,你可以用excel打开,效果跟xls表个一样。</p>   <p> 导出CSV处理流程:读取学生信息表->循环记录构建逗号分隔的字段信息->设置header信息->导出文件(下载)到本地</p>   <pre style="代码" class="precsshei"> ... } elseif ($action=='export') { //导出CSV     $result = mysql_query("select * from student order by id asc");     $str = "姓名,性别,年龄\n";     $str = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$str);     while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result)){         $name = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['name']); //中文转码         $sex = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['sex']);         $str .= $name.",".$sex.",".$row['age']."\n"; //用引文逗号分开     }     $filename = date('Ymd').'.csv'; //设置文件名     export_csv($filename,$str); //导出 } 

要将数据导出到本地即下在,需要修改header信息,代码如下:

 function export_csv($filename,$data) {     header("Content-type:text/csv");     header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=".$filename);     header('Cache-Control:must-revalidate,post-check=0,pre-check=0');     header('Expires:0');     header('Pragma:public');     echo $data; } 

注意导入和导出的过程中,因为我们使用的是统一UTF-8编码,遇到中文字符一定要记得转码,否则可能会出现中文乱码的情况。

好了,本文讲解到此,后面我还会有文章介绍PHP结合mysql导入导出excel,以及xml的导入导出,敬请关注。


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