原文:http://www.ido321.com/1252.html
一、htmlentities() 和htmlspecialchars()
1、htmlentities()
1.1 功能:把字符转换为 HTML 实体。字符包括ASCII实体和ISO 8859-1实体(HTML实体对照表:http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/html_ref_entities.html)
1.2 语法:htmlentities(string,quotestyle,character-set)
1.3 参数:string是必选参数,是需要转换的字符串。其余可选,quotestyle规定如何编码单引号和双引号:ENT_COMPAT ? 默认。仅编码双引号;ENT_QUOTES ? 编码双引号和单引号;ENT_NOQUOTES ? 不编码任何引号。character-set是规定转换用的字符集,常用的有UTF-8/GB-2312/ISO-8859-1(默认)。
1.4 提示:无法被识别的字符集将被忽略,并由 ISO-8859-1 代替。
$str = "John & 'Adams'";echo htmlentities($str);//在浏览器中输出:John & 'Adams'//查看源代码:John & 'Adams'
2、htmlspecialchars()
2.1 把一些预定义的字符转换为 HTML 实体。预定义字符都是ASCII 实体,即此函数不能转换ISO 8859-1实体,这是和htmlrntities()的区别
预定义的字符是:
2.2 htmlspecialchars(string,quotestyle,character-set)
2.3 参数htmlentities()
2.4 提示:无法被识别的字符集将被忽略,并由 ISO-8859-1 代替。
$str = "John & 'Adams'";echo htmlentities($str);//在浏览器中输出:John & 'Adams'//查看源代码:John & 'Adams'
二、html_entity_decode()和htmlspecialchars_decode()
html_entity_decode(string,quotestyle,character-set) 函数把 HTML 实体转换为字符,是htmlentities()的反函数。
htmlspecialchars_decode(string,quotestyle)函数把预定义的 HTML 实体转换为字符,是htmlspecialchars()的反函数。
$str = "John & 'Adams'";echo html_entity_decode($str);//浏览器输出:John & 'Adams'//源代码:John & 'Adams'
三、addslashes()和addcslashes()
1、addslashes(string):在指定的预定义字符前添加反斜杠。string是需要检查的字符串。该函数数可用于为存储在数据库中的字符串以及数据库查询语句准备合适的字符串。
预定义字符是:单引号(’)、双引号(”)、反斜扛(\)和NULL
ps:默认情况下,PHP 指令 magic_quotes_gpc 为 on,对所有的 GET、POST 和 COOKIE 数据自动运行 addslashes()。不要对已经被 magic_quotes_gpc 转义过的字符串使用 addslashes(),因为这样会导致双层转义。遇到这种情况时可以使用函数 get_magic_quotes_gpc() 进行检测。
$str = "Who's John Adams?";echo $str . " This is not safe in a database query.<br>";echo addslashes($str) . " This is safe in a database query.";
输出:
Who's John Adams? This is not safe in a database query.Who\'s John Adams? This is safe in a database query.
2、addcslashes(string,characters) 函数在指定的字符前添加反斜杠。stirng必须,第二个可选。规定受 addcslashes() 影响的字符或字符范围。
ps:<strong>在对 0,r,n 和 t 应用 addcslashes() 时要小心。在 PHP 中,\0,\r,\n 和 \t 是预定义的转义序列。此函数可以对任何字符,包括预定义字符进行反斜扛添加,这是和addslashes的区别</strong>
//向特定字符添加反斜杠$str = "Hello, my name is John Adams.";echo $str;echo addcslashes($str,'m');echo addcslashes($str,'J');
输出:
Hello, my name is John Adams.Hello, \my na\me is John Ada\ms.Hello, my name is \John Adams.
//向字符串中的一个范围内的字符添加反斜杠$str = "Hello, my name is John Adams.";echo $str;echo addslashes($str); //使用addslashesecho addcslashes($str,'A..Z');echo addcslashes($str,'a..z');echo addcslashes($str,'a..h');
输出:
Hello, my name is John Adams.
Hello, my name is John Adams.
\Hello, my name is \John \Adams.
H\e\l\l\o, \m\y \n\a\m\e \i\s J\o\h\n A\d\a\m\s.
H\ello, my n\am\e is Jo\hn A\d\ams.

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


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