在进行Web应用程序开发的时候,人们经常会用Session存储数据。但可能有人不知道,在PHP中,Session使用不当可能会引起并发问题。印度医疗行业软件解决方案提供商Plus91 Technologies高级工程师Kishan Gor在个人博客上对这个问题进行了阐释。
如果同一个客户端并发发送多个请求,而每个请求都使用了Session,那么PHP Session锁的存在会导致服务器串行响应这些请求,而不是并行。这是因为在默认情况下,PHP使用文件存储Session数据。对于每一个新的Session,PHP会创建一个文件,并持续向其中写入数据。所以,每次调用session_start()方法,就会打开Session文件,并取得文件的独占锁。这样,如果服务器脚本正在处理一个请求,而客户端又发送了一个同样需要使用Session的请求,那么后一个请求会阻塞,直至前一个请求处理完成释放了文件上的独占锁。不过,这只限于来自同一个客户端的多个请求,也就是说,来自一个客户端的请求并不会阻塞另一个客户端的请求。
如果脚本很短,这通常没有问题。但如果脚本运行时间比较长,那就可能会产生问题。在现代Web应用程序开发中,有一个非常常见的情况,就是使用AJAX技术在同一个页面内发送多个请求获取数据。如果这些请求都需要使用Session,那么第一个请求到达服务器后会取得Session锁,其它请求就必须等待,所有请求将串行处理,即使它们彼此之间并没有依赖关系。这将大大增加页面的响应时间。
有一个方法可以避免这个问题,就是在使用完Session以后立即调用session_write_close()方法关闭Session。这样Session锁就会释放,即使当前脚本还在等在处理。需要注意的是,调用该方法后,当前脚本就不能进一步操作Session了。
需要特别指出的是,本文所陈述的问题和观点只适用于使用session_start()方法的PHP默认Session管理模式。比如,有用户就指出,如果将应用程序托管在AWS EC2上,并正确配置DynamoDB,Session锁定问题就不会出现。

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