search

网页的缓存是由 HTTP消息头中的“Cache-control”来控制的,常见的取值有private、no-cache、max-age、must- revalidate等,默认为private。其作用根据不同的重新浏览方式分为以下几种情况:
(1) 打开新窗口
值为private、no-cache、must-revalidate,那么打开新窗口访问时都会重新访问服务器。
而如果指定了max-age值,那么在此值内的时间里就不会重新访问服务器,例如:
Cache-control: max-age=5(表示当访问此网页后的5秒内再次访问不会去服务器)
(2)在地址栏回车
值为private或must-revalidate则只有第一次访问时会访问服务器,以后就不再访问。
值为no-cache,那么每次都会访问。
值为max-age,则在过期之前不会重复访问。
(3) 按后退按扭
值为private、must-revalidate、max-age,则不会重访问,
值为no-cache,则每次都重复访问
(4) 按刷新按扭
  无论为何值,都会重复访问
Cache-control值为“no-cache”时,访问此页面不会在Internet临时文章夹留下页面备份。
另外,通过指定“Expires”值也会影响到缓存。例如,指定Expires值为一个早已过去的时间,那 么访问此网时若重复在地址栏按回车,那么每次都会重复访问: Expires: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 16:00:00 GMT

比如:禁止页面在IE中缓存
HTTP响应消息头部设置:
CacheControl = no-cache
Pragma=no-cache
Expires = -1
Expires是个好东东,如果服务器上的网页经常变化,就把它设置为-1,表示立即过期。如果一个网页每天凌晨1点更新,可以把Expires设置为第二天的凌晨1点。
当HTTP1.1服务器指定 CacheControl = no-cache时,浏览器就不会缓存该网页。
旧式 HTTP 1.0 服务器不能使用 Cache-Control 标题。
所以为了向后兼容 HTTP 1.0 服务器,IE使用Pragma:no-cache 标题对 HTTP 提供特殊支持。
如果客户端通过安全连接 (https://)/ 与服务器通讯,且服务器在响应中返回 Pragma:no-cache 标题,
则 Internet Explorer不会缓存此响应。注意:Pragma:no-cache 仅当在安全连接中使用时才防止缓存,如果在非安全页中使用,处理方式与 Expires:-1相同,该页将被缓存,但被标记为立即过期
header常用指令
header分为三部分:
第一部分为HTTP协议的版本(HTTP-Version);
第二部分为状态代码(Status);
第三部分为原因短语(Reason-Phrase)。
// fix 404 pages: 用这个header指令来解决URL重写产生的404 header
header('HTTP/1.1 200 OK');

// set 404 header: 页面没找到
header('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found');

// 页面被永久删除,可以告诉搜索引擎更新它们的urls
// set Moved Permanently header (good for redrictions)
// use with location header
header('HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently');
// 访问受限
header('HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden');
// 服务器错误
header('HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error');

// 重定向到一个新的位置
// redirect to a new location:
header('Location: http://www.m-bang.com );

延迟一段时间后重定向
// redrict with delay:
header('Refresh: 10; url=http://www.sina.com.cn');
print 'You will be redirected in 10 seconds';

// 覆盖 X-Powered-By value
// override X-Powered-By: PHP:
header('X-Powered-By: PHP/4.4.0');
header('X-Powered-By: Brain/0.6b');

// 内容语言 (en = English)
// content language (en = English)
header('Content-language: en');

//最后修改时间 (在缓存的时候可以用到)
// last modified (good for caching)
$time = time() - 60; // or filemtime($fn), etc
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', $time).' GMT');

// 告诉浏览器要获取的内容还没有更新
// header for telling the browser that the content
// did not get changed
header('HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified');

// 设置内容的长度 (缓存的时候可以用到):
// set content length (good for caching):
header('Content-Length: 1234');

// 用来下载文件:
// Headers for an download:
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="example.zip"');
header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');

// 禁止缓存当前文档:
// load the file to send:readfile('example.zip');
// Disable caching of the current document:
header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate');
header('Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT');
// 设置内容类型:
// Date in the pastheader('Pragma: no-cache');
// set content type:
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1');
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
header('Content-Type: text/plain');

// plain text file
header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');

// JPG picture
header('Content-Type: application/zip');

// ZIP file
header('Content-Type: application/pdf');

// PDF file
header('Content-Type: audio/mpeg');

// Audio MPEG (MP3,...) file
header('Content-Type: application/x-shockwave-flash');

// 显示登录对话框,可以用来进行HTTP认证
// Flash animation// show sign in box
header('HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized');
header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Top Secret"');
print 'Text that will be displayed if the user hits cancel or ';
print 'enters wrong login data';
?>
现在表单的填写,我们可以用AJAX对用户随时进行验证,进行友好的提示,但是在用户没有留意AJAX友好提示,提交了错误的表单,跳回原页,而填写的信息却全部丢失了。要支持页面回跳,有以下的办法:
1. 使用session_cache_limiter方法: session_cache_limiter('private,must-revalidate'); 但是要值得注意的是 session_cache_limiter()方法要写在session_start()方法之前才有用;
2.用header来设置控制缓存的方法: header('Cache-control:private,must-revalidate');

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:24 AM

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsPHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsApr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Apr 17, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:06 AM

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values ​​to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguagePHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguageApr 16, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactPHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactApr 16, 2025 am 12:17 AM

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedWhy Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedApr 16, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function