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PHP与其他语言交互-总结

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Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:35 PM

原网址将会不断更新：作程的技术博客《PHP与其他语言交互-总结》 it.zuocheng.net

软件或者系统，不同模块可能由不同的语言编写，必然会存在不同语言之间交互和通信的问题。本文站在PHP的角度，探讨PHP与其他语言交互的方式。

语言层面交互

使用胶水语言

胶水语言Shell scripts Python Ruby Lua Tcl Perl。

其本质是调用操作系统的输入与输出，由操作系统创建由其他语言写成的应用的新进程，再将其输出返回给PHP。

优点是简单容易实现。

缺点是：

系统调用有一定风险；

每次调用系统都创建新的进程，开销较大

复杂数据结构无法直接传递

编写PHP扩展

将其他语言提供的API封装成C接口（往往需要再编译为动态链接库），在PHP扩展中再对其进行封装，使其可以在PHP语句中直接调用。

优点：

性能很高

可以实现复杂结构数据的交互。

缺点：

开发、运维成本较高

使用PHP Native Interface (PNI)

PNI 是一个PHP 扩展，允许PHP代码中直接调用C的类库

使用SWIG

最终的目的是编写PHP扩展，不同的是SWIG提供的接口让开发者省去了学习比Zend API 和 PHP API 的成本。

进程间交互

如果在语言层面无法直接交互，可使用进程间的交互方法。本质是调用操作系统提供的进程间交互方法。

信号

信号量

管道

消息队列

共享内存

文件、内存数据库等

系统间交互

如果由不同语言编写的系统之间进行交互，则有以下几种方法：

网络调用（Http 、 Socket 、 Web Service）

数据库

数据文件

分布式系统（Memcache、Radis、rabitMQ）

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