浏览器发送一个请求,请求访问服务器中的某个网页(如:down.php),该网页的代码如下
客户端从服务端下载文件的流程分析:
浏览器发送一个请求,请求访问服务器中的某个网页(如:down.php),该网页的代码如下。
服务器接受到该请求以后,马上运行该down.php文件
运行该文件的时候,必然要把将要被下载的文件读入内存当中(这里是圣诞狂欢.jpg这张图片),这里通过fopen()函数完成该动作
注意:任何有关从服务器下载的文件操作,必然需要先在服务端将文件读入内存当中
现在文件已经在内存当中了,这是需要从内存当中读取文件,通过fread()函数完成该动作
需要注意的是,如果文件较大,文件应该是被分成多段返回给客户端的,并不是等文件在服务端全部读取完毕后,一次性返回给客户端,因为这样子会增加服务器的负荷。
所以我们需要在php代码中设置一次读取的字节数,比如我在下面的代码中通过$buffer=1024设置一次读取的字节数,每读取一次,就输出数据(即返回给浏览器)
流程图:
复制代码 代码如下:
header("Content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
// $file_name="cookie.jpg";
$file_name="圣诞狂欢.jpg";
//用以解决中文不能显示出来的问题
$file_name=iconv("utf-8","gb2312",$file_name);
$file_sub_path=$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."marcofly/phpstudy/down/down/";
$file_path=$file_sub_path.$file_name;
//首先要判断给定的文件存在与否
if(!file_exists($file_path)){
echo "没有该文件文件";
return ;
}
$fp=fopen($file_path,"r");
$file_size=filesize($file_path);
//下载文件需要用到的头
Header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
Header("Accept-Ranges: bytes");
Header("Accept-Length:".$file_size);
Header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$file_name);
$buffer=1024;
$file_count=0;
//向浏览器返回数据
while(!feof($fp) && $file_count<$file_size){
$file_con=fread($fp,$buffer);
$file_count+=$buffer;
echo $file_con;
}
fclose($fp);
?>
几点注意事项:
header("Content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8")的作用:在服务器响应浏览器的请求时,告诉浏览器以编码格式为UTF-8的编码显示该内容
关于file_exists()函数不支持中文路径的问题:因为php函数比较早,不支持中文,所以如果被下载的文件名是中文的话,需要对其进行字符编码转换,否则file_exists()函数不能识别,可以使用iconv()函数进行编码转换
$file_sub_path() 我使用的是绝对路径,执行效率要比相对路径高
Header("Content-type: application/octet-stream")的作用:通过这句代码客户端浏览器就能知道服务端返回的文件形式
Header("Accept-Ranges: bytes")的作用:告诉客户端浏览器返回的文件大小是按照字节进行计算的
Header("Accept-Length:".$file_size)的作用:告诉浏览器返回的文件大小
Header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$file_name)的作用:告诉浏览器返回的文件的名称
以上四个Header()是必需的
fclose($fp)可以把缓冲区内最后剩余的数据输出到磁盘文件中,并释放文件指针和有关的缓冲区

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