- HashTable是PHP的灵魂,因为在Zend引擎中大量地使用了HastTable,如变量表,常量表,函数表,数组等,所以了解HashTable对真正了解PHP很重要!
- PHP内核中HashTable的数据结构: PHP的HashTable同时维护一个双向链表,而这个双向链表是通过pListNext和pListLast这两个成员变量维护的。 成员变量中,pData和pDataStr较容易混淆,pData指向的是想要保存的内存块地址,一般是通过malloc之类的系统调用分配出来,但是有时候只想保存一个指针,如果这样也去调用malloc之类的系统调用分配内存会导致产生内存碎片,这种情况PHP内核是不能容忍的,所以出现了pDataPtr指针。pDataPtr的指针就是当想保存一个指针类型的数据时,就直接保存到pDataPtr成员变量中,而不调用malloc分配内存,从而防止了内存碎片的产生,然后pData直接指向pDataPtr,当要保存的数据不是指针时,pDataPtr被设置为NULL.
要找到某个保存在HashTable中的数据,则是通过索引(key),每个元素都有一个索引且不同,通过索引可以找到这个元素且可取得保存在里面的数据。索引保存在HashTable的最后一个成员arKey起始位置的长nKeyLength的内存中,虽然arKey只有一个字节,但这里使用了C语言的一个常用技巧(flesible array),通过申请sizeof(Bucket)+nKeyLength大小的内存,然后把索引保存到arKey成员中。
但如果索引为整数,本来也可以把整数当成字符串处理,但PHP不这样做,而是利用一个技巧来解决。当索引为整数时,PHP把索引保存到Bucket结构体的h成员变量中,然后把nKeyLength设置为0,表示这是一个整数而不是字符串,所以当nKeyLength大于0时,可在arKey中取到索引,而当nKeyLength等于0时,就在h中取得索引,那当nKeyLength为0时h成员变量是不是没有用呢?其实不然,当nKeyLength大于0时(索引为字符串时),h成员保存的是索引经过hash函数处理之后的值,这样做的好处就是,在重hash时不用重新计算索引的hash值。(hash函数得到的是一个整形数,所以可以保存在ulong h;中,可用来做下标)
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HashTable结构体分析,几图示:

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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