之前我发了一篇博文PHP数据库操作:从MySQL原生API到PDO,向大家展示PHP是如何使用MySQL原生API、MySQLi面向过程、MySQLi面向对象、PDO操作MySQL数据库的。本文介绍如何使用ORM操作数据库。
什么是ORM呢?引用网友的话:
ORM 对象关系映射,O(Object) 对象,在项目中就是实体,更加精确的来说就是数据Model,也可以说持久化类。R(Relation) 关系数据,M (Mapping)映射,将对象映射到关系数据,将关系数据映射到对象的过程。更加直观理解就是,ORM 就是以OOP思想,产生增删改查SQL语句。
相比PDO,ORM更适合快速开发项目,而不用写SQL语句。下面介绍几个好用的ORM。
Medoo
下文均以版本1.0.2为例。
环境要求
PHP 5.1+, 推荐PHP 5.4+ 且支持PDO.
至少安装了MySQL, MSSQL, SQLite其中一种.
如何安装
Medoo支持Composer安装和直接下载。
使用Composer安装:
composer require catfan/Medoocomposer update
直接下载:
https://github.com/catfan/Medoo/archive/master.zip
开始使用
引入Medoo并配置数据库:
<?php//使用Composer安装的这样引入//require 'vendor/autoload.php';// 直接下载的这样引入require_once 'medoo.php'; // 初始化$db = new medoo([ 'database_type' => 'mysql', 'database_name' => 'test', 'server' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '123456', 'charset' => 'utf8', //可选:端口 'port' => 3306, //可选:表前缀 'prefix' => '', // PDO驱动选项 http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php 'option' => [ PDO::ATTR_CASE => PDO::CASE_NATURAL ]]);
如果是SQLite:
$database = new medoo([ 'database_type' => 'sqlite', 'database_file' => 'my/database/path/database.db']);
CURD
查询(Read):
select($table, $columns, $where) //获取所有记录- table [string] 表名- columns [string/array] 字段- where (可选) [array] 查询条件get($table, $columns, $where) //仅获取一条数据select($table, $join, $columns, $where)- table [string] 表名- join [array] 关联查询,如果没有可以忽略- columns [string/array] 字段- where (可选) [array] 查询条件
示例:
$user = $db->select('user', '*'); //返回所有数据$user = $db->get('user', '*'); //返回所有数据$user = $db->select('user','*', array('name ' => 'joy'));$user = $db->select('user','name', array('age[>] ' => 20)); $user = $db->select('user',['name','age'], array('age[<=] ' => 20));
新增(Create):
insert($table, $data)
示例:
$db->insert('user', array('name'=> 't3', 'age'=>22)); //返回自增id
注意:如果数据里面包含子数组将会被serialize()序列化, 你可以使用json_encode()作为JSON存储.
更新(Update):
update($table, $data, $where)
示例:
$db->update('user', array('name'=> 't5'), array('id'=> 23)); //返回受影响的行数
删除(Delete):
delete($table, $where)
示例:
$db->update('user', array('id'=> 23)); //返回受影响的行数
where
聚合查询
$db->has('user', array('id'=> 23)); //记录是否存在$db->count('user', array('id[>]'=> 23)); //统计$db->max('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 1)); //最大值$db->min('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //最小值$db->avg('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //平均值$db->sum('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //求和
以上方法均支持第二个参数是$join,即关联查询。
事务机制
$db->action(function($db) { try{ $db->insert("account", [ "name" => "foo", "email" => "bar@abc.com" ]); $db->delete("account", [ "user_id" => 2312 ]); }catch(Exception $e){ // 返回false就会回滚事务 return false; }});
使用query
可以直接使用SQL。
//查询$data = $db->query("SELECT * FROM user")->fetchAll();print_r($data);//删除$db->query("DELETE FROM user where name='t5' ");
直接使用PDO
Medoo是基于PDO的,所以可以直接调用PDO实例。
获取PDO实例:
$pdo = $db->pdo;
接下来,可以使用PDO对象的所有方法了。
1.PDO::beginTransaction — 启动一个事务2.PDO::commit — 提交一个事务3.PDO::__construct — 创建一个表示数据库连接的 PDO 实例4.PDO::errorCode — 获取跟数据库句柄上一次操作相关的 SQLSTATE5.PDO::errorInfo — 获取错误信息6.PDO::exec — 执行一条 SQL 语句,并返回受影响的行数7.PDO::getAttribute — 取回一个数据库连接的属性*8.PDO::getAvailableDrivers — 返回一个可用驱动的数组(了解即可)*9.PDO::inTransaction — 检查是否在一个事务内(了解即可)10.PDO::lastInsertId — 返回最后插入行的ID或序列值11.PDO::prepare — 创建SQL的预处理,返回PDOStatement对象12.PDO::query — 用于执行查询SQL语句,返回PDOStatement对象13.PDO::quote — 为sql字串添加单引号14.PDO::rollBack — 回滚一个事务15.PDO::setAttribute — 设置属性
示例:
$stmt = $pdo->query('select * from user limit 2'); //返回一个PDOStatement对象//$row = $stmt->fetch(); //从结果集中获取下一行,用于while循环$rows = $stmt->fetchAll(); //获取所有print_r($rows);
pdo事务:
$pdo->beginTransaction();//开启事务处理try{ //PDO预处理以及执行语句... $pdo->commit();//提交事务}catch(PDOException $e){ $pdo->rollBack();//事务回滚 //相关错误处理 throw $e;}
使用DEBUG
debug() 打印最终的SQL语句
在select、get、insert、update等方法前面加上debug()方法可以打印SQL语句,程序不会继续运行:
$user = $db->debug()->select('user', '*'); //SELECT "name","age" FROM "user" WHERE "age" <= 20
error() 返回最后一次操作的出错信息
$db->select('user3', '*'); var_dump($db->error());
log() 返回所有的SQL查询语句,不影响查询正常执行
$db->select('user', '*'); var_dump($db->log());
last_query() 和log()类似,但仅返回最后一条SQL查询语句,不影响查询正常执行
$db->select('user', '*'); var_dump($db->last_query());
Eloquent ORM
Eloquent ORM是Laravel框架使用的ORM。Laravel 的 Eloquent ORM 提供了更优雅的ActiveRecord 实现来和数据库的互动。 每个数据库表对应一个模型文件。
参考:
1、Guidebook - Medoo
http://medoo.in/api/new/
2、Eloquent ORM笔记 - 飞鸿影~ - 博客园
(未完待续。。。)

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use