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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp设计模式-抽象工厂模式

概念

为创建一组相关或相互依赖的对象提供一个接口,而且无需指定他们的具体类

特点

抽象工厂模式(Abstact Factory)是一种常见的软件设计模式,该模式为一个产品族提供了统一的创建接口。当需要这个产品族的某一系列的时候,可以为此系列的产品族创建一个具体的工厂类。

主要角色

抽象工厂(Abstract Factory)角色:它声明一个创建抽象产品对象的接口。通常以接口或抽象类实现,所有的具体工厂类必须实现这个接口或继承这个类。

具体工厂(Concrete Factory)角色:实现创建产品对象的操作。客户端直接调用这个角色创建产品的实例。这个角色包含有选择合适的产品对象的逻辑。通常使用具体类实现。

抽象产品(Abstract Product)角色:声明一类产品的接口。它是工厂方法模式所创建的对象的父类,或它们共同拥有的接口。

具体产品(Concrete Product)角色:实现抽象产品角色所定义的接口,定义一个将被相应的具体工厂创建的产品对象。其内部包含了应用程序的业务逻辑。

优缺点

抽象工厂模式的优点:

1、分离了具体的类

2、使增加或替换产品族变得容易

3、有利于产品的一致性

抽象工厂模式的缺点:

难以支持新种类的产品。这是因为AbstractFactory接口确定了可以被创建的产品集合。支持新各类的产品就需要扩展访工厂接口,从而导致AbstractFactory类及其所有子类的改变。

抽象工厂就是以一种倾斜的方式支持增加新的产品中,它为新产品族的增加提供了方便,而不能为新的产品等级结构的增加提供这样的方便。

适用性

1、一个系统不应当依赖于产品类实例如何被创建、组合和表达的细节,这对于所有形态的工厂模式都是重要的。

2、这个系统的产品有多于一个的产品族,而系统只消费其中某一族的产品。

3、 同属于同一个产品族的产品是在一起使用的,这一约束必须在系统的设计中体现出来。

4、系统提供一个产品类的库,所有的产品以同样的接口出现,从而使用客户端不依赖于实现

抽象工厂模式实例

<?php//抽象工厂interface AnimalFactory {    public function createCat();    public function createDog();}//具体工厂class BlackAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {    function createCat(){        return new BlackCat();    }    function createDog(){        return new BlackDog();    }}class WhiteAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {    function createCat(){        return new WhiteCat();    }    function createDog(){        return new WhiteDog();    }}//抽象产品interface Cat {    function Voice();}interface Dog {    function Voice();}//具体产品class BlackCat implements Cat {    function Voice(){        echo '黑猫喵喵喵';    }}class WhiteCat implements Cat {    function Voice(){        echo '白猫喵喵喵';    }}class BlackDog implements Dog {    function Voice(){        echo '黑狗汪汪汪';    }}class WhiteDog implements Dog {    function Voice(){        echo '白狗汪汪汪';    }}//客户端class Client {    public static function main() {        self::run(new BlackAnimalFactory());        self::run(new WhiteAnimalFactory());    }    public static function run(AnimalFactory $AnimalFactory){        $cat = $AnimalFactory->createCat();        $cat->Voice();        $dog = $AnimalFactory->createDog();        $dog->Voice();    }}Client::main();?>
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