switch 语句和具有同样表达式的一系列的 IF 语句相似。很多场合下需要把同一个变量(或表达式)与很多不同的值比较,并根据它等于哪个值来执行不同的代码。这正是 switch 语句的用途。
下面两个例子使用两种不同方法实现同样的事,一个用一系列的 if 语句,另一个用 switch 语句:
Example #1 switch 结构
<?phpif ($i == 0) { echo "i equals 0";} elseif ($i == 1) { echo "i equals 1";} elseif ($i == 2) { echo "i equals 2";}switch ($i) { case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break; case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break;}?>Example #2 switch 结构可以用字符串
<?phpswitch ($i) {case "apple": echo "i is apple"; break;case "bar": echo "i is bar"; break;case "cake": echo "i is cake"; break;}?>
为避免错误,理解 switch 是怎样执行的非常重要。switch 语句一行接一行地执行(实际上是语句接语句)。开始时没有代码被执行。仅当一个 case 语句中的值和 switch 表达式的值匹配时 PHP 才开始执行语句,直到 switch 的程序段结束或者遇到第一个 break 语句为止。如果不在 case 的语句段最后写上 break 的话,PHP 将继续执行下一个 case 中的语句段。例如:
<?phpswitch ($i) { case 0: echo "i equals 0"; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; case 2: echo "i equals 2";}?>
这里如果$i等于 0,PHP 将执行所有的 print 语句!如果$i等于 1,PHP 将执行后面两条 print 语句。只有当$i等于 2 时,才会得到“预期”的结果——只显示“i equals 2”。所以,别忘了 break 语句就很重要(即使在某些情况下故意想避免提供它们时)。
在 switch 语句中条件只求值一次并用来和每个 case 语句比较。在 elseif 语句中条件会再次求值。如果条件比一个简单的比较要复杂得多或者在一个很多次的循环中,那么用 switch 语句可能会快一些。
在一个 case 中的语句也可以为空,这样只不过将控制转移到了下一个 case 中的语句。
<?phpswitch ($i) { case 0: case 1: case 2: echo "i is less than 3 but not negative"; break; case 3: echo "i is 3";}?>
一个 case 的特例是 default。它匹配了任何和其它 case 都不匹配的情况。例如:
<?phpswitch ($i) { case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break; case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break; default: echo "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2";}?>
case 表达式可以是任何求值为简单类型的表达式,即整型或浮点数以及字符串。不能用数组或对象,除非它们被解除引用成为简单类型。
switch 支持替代语法的流程控制。
<?phpswitch ($i): case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break; case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break; default: echo "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2";endswitch;?>
允许使用分号(;)代替case语句后的冒号(:),例如:
<?php $beer = 'heineken'; switch($beer){ case 'tuborg'; case 'carlsberg'; case 'heineken'; echo 'Good choice'; break; default; echo 'Please make a new selection...'; break; }

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