mysql|解决|问题
从MySQL 4.1开始引入的多语言支持确实很棒,而且一些特性已经超过了其他的数据库系统。不过我在测试过程中发现使用适用于MySQL 4.1之前的PHP语句操作MySQL数据库会造成乱码,即使是设置过了表字符集也是如此。我读了一下新的MySQL在线手册中第十章"Character Set Support"后终于找到了解决方法并测试通过。
MySQL 4.1的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面:字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次: 服务器(server),数据库(database),数据表(table)和连接(connection)。
查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
上面列出的值就是系统的默认值。(很奇怪系统怎么默认是latin1的瑞典语排序方式)...
当我们按照原来的方式通过PHP存取MySQL数据库时,就算设置了表的默认字符集为utf8并且通过UTF-8编码发送查询,你会发现存入数据库的仍然是乱码。问题就出在这个connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句:
SET NAMES 'utf8';
它相当于下面的三句指令:
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;
再试试看,正常了吧?^_^ Enjoy!

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