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PHP新手上路(十二)

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2016-06-21 09:11:021192browse

11. 数据库连接

  在上一节里,我们已经介绍了PHP与MySQL数据库的一些基本操作知识,在互联网中有关PHP与MySQL的教程也最多。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来进一步介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。

  PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。
  想获得更多有关在Microsoft Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识,请查阅以下URL:www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。

11.1 连接


if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))
{
echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to databasen";
}
else
{
echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to databasen";
}
Ora_Logoff($conn);
phpinfo();
?>
以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。

11.2 查询

假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:

/*
* 连接数据库并执行查询
*/
function printoraerr($in_cur)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."n";
return;
}
/** 主程序 */
if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))
{
echo "Connection to database failedn";
exit;
}
echo "Connected as connection - $conn
n";
echo "Opening cursor ...
n";
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Opened cursor - $cursor
n";
$qry="select user,sysdate from dual";
echo "Parsing the query $qry ...
n";
ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Query parsed
n";
echo "Executing cursor ...
n";
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Executed cursor
n";
echo "Fetching cursor ...
n";
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
$user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);
$sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);
echo " row = $user, $sysdate
n";
}
echo "Fetched all records
n";
echo "Closing cursor ...
n";
ora_close($cursor);
echo "Closed cursor
n";
echo "Logging off from oracle...
n";
ora_logoff($conn);
echo "Logged off from oracle
n";
?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)

11.3 显示结果

以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:

function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
// If it encountered an error, we exit immediately
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
{
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."
n";
ora_logoff($conn);
exit;
}
return;
}

function exequery($w_qry,$conn)
{
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
$numrows=0;
$w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);
// 显示头部
echo "


n";
for ($i=0;$i{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
echo "t
n";
}
echo "
n";
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
echo "
n";
for ($i=0;$i{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")
echo "
n";
else
echo "
n";
printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
}
$numrows++;
echo "
n";
}
if ($numrows==0)
echo "
n";
else
{
echo "
n";
echo "
n";
echo "
n";
echo "
n";
}
echo "
".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)."
". <br>ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
Query returned no records
Count$numrows
n";
ora_close($cursor);
return;
}

// 主程序
if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password")))
{
echo "Error: Cannot connect to databasen";
exit;
}
$qry="SELECT
deptno "Dept"
,empno "Emp"
,empnm "Name"
,salary "Salary"
FROM
employee
ORDER BY 1,2";
exequery($qry);
ora_logoff($conn);
?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)

11.4 基于HTTP的Oracle登录

将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。

if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm="$SID"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "

You are not authorized to enter the site
n";
exit;
}
else
{
if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW)))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm="$SID"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "

You are not authorised to enter the site
n";
exit;
}
}
?>



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