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HomeWeb Front-endHTML TutorialCSS3打造3D导航_html/css_WEB-ITnose

效果预览


分析:可以看出hover的时候是有前后两个面的翻转,并且有一个凸出效果。

HTML分析

代码如下:

<ul class="block-menu">    <li>        <a href="#" class="three-d">            Home            <span class="three-d-box">                <span class="front">Home</span>                <span class="back">Home</span>            </span>        </a>    </li>    <li>        <a href="#" class="three-d">            Demo            <span class="three-d-box">                <span class="front">Demo</span>                <span class="back">Demo</span>            </span>        </a>    </li>    <li>        <a href="#" class="three-d">            Deal            <span class="three-d-box">                <span class="front">Deal</span>                <span class="back">Deal</span>            </span>        </a>    </li>    <li>        <a href="#" class="three-d">            About            <span class="three-d-box">                <span class="front">About</span>                <span class="back">About</span>            </span>        </a>    </li></ul>

标签里包裹一个盒子里包裹两个,为效果的前后面做准备。

CSS分析

1.外观、定位

代码如下:

        *{  box-sizing:border-box;}        .block-menu{background:black;}        .block-menu li{display:inline-block;}        .block-menu li a{          color:#fff;          text-decoration:none;          text-transform:uppercase;          font-size:24px;          line-height:20px;          font-weight:bold;          font-family: Arial, sans-serif;          display:block;          padding:15px 10px;        }        .three-d{          position:relative;        }        .three-d-box,.front,.back{          width:100%;          height:100%;          position:absolute;          top:0;          left:0;          padding:15px 10px;          background:black;        }

2.3D效果

首先创造3D环境,保留3D空间:

.three-d{perspective:200px;}.three-d-box{transform-style:preserve-3d;}

1.在three-d:hover的时候,我们让.three-d-box旋转,正面面对我们的元素向上翻转,下面有元素翻转上来,并且在翻转时有一个凸出来的效果。
2.关于这个凸出的效果,大家可以进行测试,如果一个元素是以自己的中心为中心点进行翻转时,是不会有凸出的效果。所以如果要制造一个凸出的效果,那么元素翻转的中心就一定不是自己的中心。
3.同时我们看到,在翻转的同时,元素贴回了ul所在的平面的,因此应该是在Z轴上有一定负的位移。

根据以上3点,我们可以设置3D变换:

.three-d:hover .three-d-box{    transform:translateZ(-50px) rotateX(90deg);}

在这里,我先设置translateZ而不是rotateX,是因为rotateX之后坐标轴会变换,如果先roatetX后translateZ的话,Z轴的位移就不是垂直于ul平面(面对我们)的位移了。

由于变换时,.three-d-box有Z轴上的负位移,如果不给.front,.back设置Z轴上的位移的话,这两个平面最后不会贴回ul的平面,而是在ul平面的后面。因此,我们给.front,.back设置Z轴正方向且等于变化时的位移的距离,如此,变化时,这两个元素就会完美贴合ul所在的平面了。

.front,.back{transform:translateZ(50px);}

变换时,.back是从下面上来的,理应有一个rotateX(-90deg)的旋转。如果先translateZ再rotateX的话,.back所在的Y轴上的高度是的一半,动画时并没有从下面上来的效果,因此,应该先rotateX变化坐标后再translateZ,这样.back就在ul的“下方”了。

.front{transform:rotateX(0deg) translateZ(50px);}.back{transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);}

在没有hover的情况下,由于给.front,.back设置了translateZ,.front,.back看起来比正常的大。为了在没有hover的情况下,.front能贴合,我给.three-d设置translateZ(-50px),这样.front虽然先跟随.three-d在Z轴上有-50px的负位移,但随后translateZ(50px)又让它在Z轴上有50px的正位移,如此,便贴合了.
.three-d-box{transform:translateZ(-50px);}

最后,我们为这个变化添加一个过渡的效果:
.three-d-box{transition:all .3s;}

3.注意

  • 为了让效果明显,Z轴上的位移设置的较大值50px;在了解原理后,大家可以设置小一点的位移值,这样下方的.back就不会如此明显的看到了。

  • hover的时候,.three-d-box旋转,它的子元素旋转的中心点是.three-d-box的中心点而不是子元素自己的中心点哦~这样你才能看到有凸出的效果。

  • hover的时候是会覆盖原来的样式,所以hover时,原始状态是.three-d-box在Z轴的位移是0,.front,.back在Z轴的位移是50px;hover的时候以此为起点进行变换。

  • 最终3D相关代码如下:

    .three-d{perspective:200px;}.three-d-box{    transform-style:preserve-3d;    transform:translateZ(-25px);    transition: all .3s ; }.front{transform:rotateX(0deg) translateZ(25px);}.back{transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(25px);}.three-d:hover .three-d-box{    transform: translateZ(-25px) rotateX(90deg);}
    总结
  • 这个例子很好的说明了,一定要注意变换的中心点

  • 父元素变换时,子元素是以父元素的中心点为中心点变换的,而不是自己。

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