echo "Hello, World!";
?>
运行结果:
Hello, World!
变量标记为“$”。你也可以将上面的“Hello, World!”写为如下代码:
$message = "Hello, World!";
echo $message;
?>
字符串的串联则是用“.”(一个英文句点)标示出来;其他有关数字的运算符号则如同你所预期的一样:
$greeting = "Hello ";
$num = 3 + 2;
$num++;
echo "$greeting $num people!";
?>
运行结果:
Hello 6 people!
PHP 有完整的运算符,其功能同你所预期的一样——特别是当你有C或者C++的知识背景时的时候。使用PHP一条很好的经验法则是:“遇到问题,先试试看,很可能成功。”
正如在Perl一样,一个字符串用双引号括起来,这将使得其中的变量被值置换,而如果以单引号括起来,则不会。因此,如下代码:
$name = 'Susannah';
$greeting_1 = "Hello, $name!";
$greeting_2 = 'Hello, $name!';
echo "$greeting_1\n";
echo "$greeting_2\n";
?>
运行结果:
Hello, Susannah!
Hello, $name!
注意字串中“\n ”是换行符号,就跟在Perl或C一样。不过这仅在以双引号括起来的字符串内才有效。
变量
PHP 可以把环境变量当作一般变量使用。这包括由服务器为一段CGI 程序所设定的环境变量(即使当你以模块方式执行PHP)。因此,如果页面http://www.domain.com/farm/cattle/cow-cow.cow.html包括以下代码:
echo "[$REQUEST_URI]";
?>
它将输出[/farm/cattle/cow-cow-cow.html]
数组
使用方括弧([ and ])设置数组索引(一般或关联性):
$fruit[0] = 'banana';
$fruit[1] = 'papaya';
$favorites['animal'] = 'turtle';
$favorites['monster'] = 'cookie';
如果你对数组赋值,但索引是空白的,PHP则会把对象放于数组末尾。上面对变量$fruit的声明同下面代码的结果是一样的:
$fruit[] = 'banana';
$fruit[] = 'papaya';
你也可以用多维数组:
$people['David']['shirt'] = 'blue';
$people['David']['car'] = 'minivan';
$people['Adam']['shirt'] = 'white';
$people['Adam']['car'] = 'sedan';
一个创建数组的简便方法是
array()
函数为:
$fruit = array('banana','papaya');
$favorites = array('animal' => 'turtle',
'monster' => 'cookie);
或者
$people = array ('David' => array('shirt' => 'blue',
'car' => 'minivan'),
'Adam' => array('shirt' => 'white',
'car' => 'sedan'));
内建函数count()表明一个数组里有多少元素:
$fruit = array('banana','papaya');
print count($fruit);
得到如下结果
2
控制结构
你可以利用循环结构例如for以及while:
for ($i = 4; $i print "I have eaten $i bagels today.\n"; }
结果
I have eaten 4 bagels today.
I have eaten 5 bagels today.
I have eaten 6 bagels today.
I have eaten 7 bagels today.
同样可写为
$i = 4; while ($i print "I have eaten $i bagels today.\n";
$i++;
}
你可以使用控制结构if以及elseif:
if ($user_count > 200) {
print "The site is busy right now!";
}
elseif ($user_count > 100) {
print "The site is sort of active right now!";
else {
print "The site is lonely - only $user_count user logged on.";
}
使用运算符的经验法则同样也可以运用在控制结构上面。你还可以使用switch,do...while,甚至是 ?: 结构。

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