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Jun 21, 2016 am 09:00 AM

解读Python发送邮件

Python发送邮件需要smtplib和email两个模块。也正是由于我们在实际工作中可以导入这些模块，才使得处理工作中的任务变得更加的简单。今天，就来好好学习一下使用Python发送邮件吧。

SMTP是发送邮件的协议，Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。

1.邮件正文是文本的格式

 1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2  3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 5 import smtplib 6 import sys 7 import csv 8 import xlrd 9 from pyExcelerator import *10 import os11 import xlwt12 from xlutils.copy import copy13 import pyExcelerator14 import datetime15 import time16 17 reload(sys)18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")19 20 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"    # 邮件传送协议服务器22 mail_user = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号23 mail_pass = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码24 25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):26     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"27     msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')28     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题29     msg['From'] = me30     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)31     try:32         server = smtplib.SMTP()33         server.connect(mail_host)34         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)35         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())36         server.close()37         return True38     except Exception, e:39         print str(e)40         return False41 42 if __name__ == '__main__':43     sub = "天才白痴梦"44     content = '...'45     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content):46         print "发送成功"47     else:48         print "发送失败"

2.邮件正文是表格的格式：由于是表格，所以我们选择HTML来实现表格的功能，邮件上面显示的就是HTML实现的内容了。

 1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2  3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 5 import smtplib 6 import sys 7 import csv 8 import xlrd 9 from pyExcelerator import *10 import os11 import xlwt12 from xlutils.copy import copy13 import pyExcelerator14 import datetime15 import time16 17 reload(sys)18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")19 20 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"    # 邮件传送协议服务器22 mail_user = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号23 mail_pass = ""  # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码24 25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):26     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"27     # 和上面的代码不同的就是，这里我们选择的是html 的格式28     msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8')29     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题30     msg['From'] = me31     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)32     try:33         server = smtplib.SMTP()34         server.connect(mail_host)35         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)36         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())37         server.close()38         return True39     except Exception, e:40         print str(e)41         return False42 43 if __name__ == '__main__':44     sub = "天才白痴梦"45     html = '<html></html>'46     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):47         print "发送成功"48     else:49         print "发送失败"

3.邮件正文是图片的格式：要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中，我们只需按照发送附件的方式，先把邮件作为附件添加进去，然后，在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片，给它们依次编号，然后引用不同的cid:x即可。

 1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 2     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 3  4     msg = MIMEMultipart() 5     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题 6     msg['From'] = me 7     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 8  9     txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')10     msg.attach(txt)11 12     # <b>：黑体  <i>：斜体13     msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png"  data-src="cid:image1"  class="lazy"  alt="" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')14     msg.attach(msgText)15 16     file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"17     image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())18     image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')19     msg.attach(image)20 21     try:22         server = smtplib.SMTP()23         server.connect(mail_host)24         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)25         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())26         server.close()27         return True28     except Exception, e:29         print str(e)30         return False31 32 if __name__ == '__main__':33     sub = "天才白痴梦"34     html = '<html></html>'35     if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):36         print "发送成功"37     else:38         print "发送失败"

4.发送邮件附件：邮件附件是图片

 1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 2     me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 3  4     msg = MIMEMultipart() 5     msg['Subject'] = sub    # 邮件主题 6     msg['From'] = me 7     msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 8  9     txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')10     msg.attach(txt)11 12     # # <b>：黑体  <i>：斜体13     # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png"  data-src="cid:image1"  class="lazy"  alt="" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')14     # msg.attach(msgText)15     #16     # file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"17     # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())18     # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')19     # msg.attach(image)20 21     att = MIMEText(open('F:\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')22     att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'23     att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'24     msg.attach(att)25 26     try:27         server = smtplib.SMTP()28         server.connect(mail_host)29         server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)30         server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())31         server.close()32         return True33     except Exception, e:34         print str(e)35         return False

5.发送群邮件：同时发送给多人

1 mailto_list = [""]  # 邮件接收方的邮件地址

上面这一行代码是邮件接收方的邮件地址，如果我们需要给多人发送邮件的话，就只需要把对方的邮件帐号绑在这一个列表里就ok了。

加密SMTP

使用标准的25端口连接SMTP服务器时，使用的是明文传输，发送邮件的整个过程可能会被窃听。要更安全地发送邮件，可以加密SMTP会话，实际上就是先创建SSL安全连接，然后再使用SMTP协议发送邮件。

方法：只需要在创建SMTP对象后，立刻调用starttls()方法，就创建了安全连接。

1 smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'2 smtp_port = 25    # 默认端口号为253 server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)4 server.starttls()5 # 剩下的代码和前面的一模一样:6 server.set_debuglevel(1)     # 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息

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