说到这个两个属性::placeholder大家可能都很熟悉,在移动端以及高端浏览器中都有使用,但是:placeholder-shown可能了解的比较少,本篇文章将和大家一起探讨两者的不同及基本应用. placeholder 即”占位符”,在form表单input/ textarea上可以应用placeholder属性,如果你对伪类和伪元素的异同不甚了解,可以参考 “CSS伪类和伪元素的异同”.下面就来讲讲二者的不同:
一. 伪类与伪元素
:placeholder-shown 伪类, Selectors Level 4草案新增 ::placeholder 伪元素, CSS Pseudo-Elements Module Level 4新增
:placeholder-shown, being a pseudo-class, has to select an existing element – it selects the input whenever you’re in the placeholder-showing state. The ::placeholder pseudo-element wraps the actual placeholder text.
二. 兼容性
:placeholder-shown Chrome/Safari/Opera浏览器支持较好,移动端浏览器支持较差,参考链接: CanIUse::placeholder 现代浏览器基本都支持, 但是需要添加不同浏览器厂商前缀,IE10 以下浏览器不支持, 参考链接: CanIUse
三. 开发中使用
:placeholder-shown, 常用来设置input 没有输入时的提示,如下:
<style type="text/css">.text { width: 400px; height: 22px; line-height: 22px; border: 1px solid #ccc;}.demo:placeholder-shown { border-color: #00f; // 无输入时,边框显示蓝色 color: #f00; // 只对无输入时的光标颜色有效} </style><input type="text" class="demo" placeholder="请输入用户名称">
::placeholder ,常用来设置placeholder text文本的颜色,根据不同浏览器支持情况设置前缀:
<style type="text/css">.text { width: 400px; height: 22px; line-height: 22px; border: 1px solid #ccc;} ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* Chrome/Opera/Safari */ color: #f00;}::-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 19+ */ color: #f00;}:-ms-input-placeholder { /* IE 10+ */ color: #f00;}:-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 18- */ color: #f00;} </style><input type="text" class="demo" placeholder="请输入用户名称">
那么你可能会问,如果我想兼容IE10以下浏览器该怎么办呢,那只能用js来实现了,具体可以参考这篇文章” placeholder属性多浏览器支持兼容性方案“, 当然还有个开源的 placeholder.js可以参考.
四. 支持的Styles
::placeholder 支持下面这些属性:(注意:不支持text-align属性) All properties that apply to thepseudo-element also apply to thepseudo-element, eg: font properties color background properties word-spacing letter-spacing text-decoration vertical-align text-transform line-height text-indent opacity::placeholder-shown ,支持的属性较多,使用起来也比较灵活,(支持text-align属性).
五. 补充如何实现select 元素placeholder
<style type="text/css"> .sel-placeholder { color: #999; /* 和input::placeholder 默认颜色一致 */ } .sel-placeholder option { color: #333; } .sel-placeholder option:first-child { color: #999; /* 第一个选项的颜色 */ }</style><form action="http://user/submit" method="post"> <select name="children"> <option disabled selected>请选择子女个数</option> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></form>
可以通过js 增加和删除类来改变选中是的select字体颜色. 当然,还有的像如下这样用的:
<form action="http://user/submit" method="post"> <select name="children"> <option selected hidden>select one</option> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></form>
如果你想知道有什么不同,可以写个实例运行下.

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