探究 HTML元素的水平垂直居中_html/css_WEB-ITnose-HTML Tutorial-php.cn

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探究 HTML元素的水平垂直居中_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 21, 2016 am 08:55 AM

HTML：

<body>    <div class="maxbox">        <div class="minbox align-center"></div>    </div></body>

父元素

.maxbox{    position: relative;    width: 500px;    height: 500px;    margin: 5px;    box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8), -1px -1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);}

子元素：

.minbox{    width: 200px;    height: 200px;    box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8), -1px -1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);}

效果图（下面几种方法效果图一样）：

第一种： CSS绝对定位
主要利用绝对定位，再用margin设置为auto
水平垂直居中对齐：

.align-center{    position: absolute;    top: 0;    left: 0;    bottom: 0;    right: 0;    margin: auto;}

第二种： CSS绝对定位
主要利用绝对定位，再用margin调整到中间位置。

水平垂直居中对齐：

.align-center{    position: absolute;    left: 50%;    top: 50%;    margin-left: -100px;   /*width/-2*/    margin-top: -100px;    /*height/-2*/}

第三种： CSS绝对定位 + Javascript/JQuery
主要利用绝对定位，再用Javascript/JQuery调整到中间位置。相比第一种方法，此方法提高了class的灵活性。

水平垂直居中对齐：

.align-center{    position: absolute;    left: 50%;    top: 50%;}

JQuery：

$(function(){    $(".align-center").css(        {            "margin-left": ($(".align-center").width()/-2),            "margin-top": ($(".align-center").height()/-2)        }    );});

第四种： CSS3绝对定位 + 位移
使用绝对定位与CSS3的 transform: translate同样也可以达到效果。

水平垂直居中对齐：

.align-center{    position: absolute;    top: 50%;    left: 50%;    -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);       -moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);            transform: translate(-50%, -50%);  /*向左向上位移*/}

第五种： Flexbox: [伸缩布局盒模型]
要让元素水平垂直，对于Flexbox模型来说太容易了。

这里得改变一下HTML：

<div class="maxbox align-center">    <div class="minbox"></div></div>

水平垂直居中对齐：

.align-center{    display: flex;    display: -webkit-flex;       /*兼容问题*/    justify-content: center;    align-items: center; }

几种方法的比较：

第一种：使用CSS绝对定位margin设置为auto，兼容性很好，应该是一种最好的方法了。
第二种：使用CSS绝对定位margin调整，兼容性很好但是欠缺灵活性。如果有很多box里需要水平垂直居中，因其width，height不同而需要写不同的 .align-center 。
第三种：使用脚本语言，兼容性很好且弥补了第一种的缺点。不因width，height的改变而影响水平垂直居中的效果。
第四种：使用CSS3的一些新的属性，兼容IE10, Chrome, Firefox, 和 Opera。兼容性不太很好，不因width，height的改变而影响水平垂直居中的效果。
第五种：使用Flexbox模型，兼容Firefox、Opera 和 Chrome，IE全军覆没。也是不因width，height的改变而影响水平垂直居中的效果。

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