在前端开发过程中，盒子居中是常常用到的。其中，居中又可以分为水平居中和垂直居中。水平居中是比较容易的，直接设置元素的margin: 0 auto就可以实现。但是垂直居中相对来说是比较复杂一些的。下面我们一起来讨论一下实现垂直居中的方法。首先，定义一个需要垂直居中的div元素，他的宽度和高度均为300px，背景色为橙色。代码如下：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果如下：我们需要使得这个橙色的div居中，到底该怎么办呢？首先我们让实现水平居中，上面已经提到过了，可以通过设置margin: 0 auto实现水平居中，代码如下：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果如下：很好，已经实现水平居中了！接下来该打大boss了——实现垂直居中。不过，在这之前，我们先要设置div元素的祖先元素html和body的高度为100%（因为他们默认是为0的），并且清除默认样式，即把margin和padding设置为0（如果不清除默认样式的话，浏览器就会出现滚动条，聪明的亲，自己想想问什么）。```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; /*水平居中*/ } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```接下来，我们需要做的事情就是要让div往下移动了。我们都知道top属性可以使得元素向下偏移的。但是，由于默认情况下，元素在文档流里是从上往下、从左到右布局的，我们是不可以直接通过top属性改变他的垂直偏移的。这就就需要使用position属性使它脱离文档流流了。这很简单，只要设置它的值为relative就行了。对于position属性不熟悉的，可以自己去w3c看一下。下面我们就让div脱离文档流:```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; /*水平居中*/ position: relative; /*脱离文档流*/ } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```我们刷新一下页面，发现跟之前是没有任何变化的，因为，我们仅仅是使div脱离了文档流，但是还没开始移动他的垂直偏移。好，下面我们就让它偏移吧！垂直偏移需要用到top属性，它的值可以是具体的像素，也可以是百分数。因为我们现在不知道父元素（即body）的具体高度，所以，是不可以通过具体像素来偏移的，而应该用百分数。既然是要让它居中嘛！好，那么我们就让它的值为50%不就行了吗？问题真的那么简单，我们来试一下，就设置50%试一下：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; /*水平居中*/ position: relative; /*脱离文档流*/ top: 50%; /*偏移*/ } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果如下图所示：div垂直方向上面并没有居中。明显是偏下了。下面，我们在浏览器中间画一条红线用来参考，如下图：通过观察上图，只要让div的中心移动到红线的位置，那么整个div就居中了。那怎么让它中心移动到红线处呢？从图中可以观察到，从div的中心到红线的距离是div自身高度的一半。这时候，我们可以使用通过margin-top属性来设置，因为div的自身高度是300，所以，需要设置他的margin-top值为-150。为什么是要设置成负数的呢？因为正数是向下偏移，我们是希望div向上偏移，所以应该是负数，如下：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; /*水平居中*/ position: relative; /*脱离文档流*/ top: 50%; /*偏移*/ margin-top: -150px; } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果如下：确实已经居中了。好兴奋！有木有？！除了可以使用margin-top把div往上偏移之外，CSS3的transform属性也可以实现这个功能，通过设置div的transform: translateY(-50%)，意思是使得div向上平移（translate）自身高度的一半(50%)。如下：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; margin: 0 auto; /*水平居中*/ position: relative; /*脱离文档流*/ top: 50%; /*偏移*/ transform: translateY(-50%); } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果如下：上面的两种方法，我们都是基于设置div的top值为50%之后，再进行调整垂偏移量来实现居中的。如果使用CSS3的弹性布局（flex）的话，问题就会变得容易多了。使用CSS3的弹性布局很简单，只要设置父元素（这里是指body）的display的值为flex即可。具体代码如下，对代码不做过多的解释，如果想了解弹性布局的可以看阮一峰老师的博客http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/07/flex-grammar.html：```<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> <style> html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; align-items: center; /*定义body的元素垂直居中*/ justify-content: center; /*定义body的里的元素水平居中*/ } .content { width: 300px; height: 300px; background: orange; } </style></head><body> <div class="content"></div></body></html>```效果：除了上面3中方法之外，当然可能还存在许多的可以实现垂直居中的方法。比如可以将父容器设置为display:table ，然后将子元素也就是要垂直居中显示的元素设置为 display:table-cell 。但是，这是不值得推荐的，因为会破坏整体的布局。如果用table布局，那么为什么不直接使用table标签了？那不更加方便吗？[http://www.codeceo.com/article/css-vertical-align-center.html](http://www.codeceo.com/article/css-vertical-align-center.html)
Difficulty in updating caching of official account web pages: How to avoid the old cache affecting the user experience after version update?Mar 04, 2025 pm 12:32 PMThe official account web page update cache, this thing is simple and simple, and it is complicated enough to drink a pot of it. You worked hard to update the official account article, but the user still opened the old version. Who can bear the taste? In this article, let’s take a look at the twists and turns behind this and how to solve this problem gracefully. After reading it, you can easily deal with various caching problems, allowing your users to always experience the freshest content. Let’s talk about the basics first. To put it bluntly, in order to improve access speed, the browser or server stores some static resources (such as pictures, CSS, JS) or page content. Next time you access it, you can directly retrieve it from the cache without having to download it again, and it is naturally fast. But this thing is also a double-edged sword. The new version is online,
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