search
HomeWeb Front-endHTML TutorialWeb Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose

有人问米开朗基罗:"您是如何创造出《大卫》这样的巨作的?"他答道:"很简单,我去采石场,看见一块巨大的大理石 ,我要做的只是凿去那些不该有的大理石,大卫就诞生了。

同样我们在抓取网页的时候,需要去掉我们不需要的,提取出需要的信息,只不过技术相当复杂。这篇文章将介绍HTML解析技术

在上篇文章( Web Scraping with Python--第一个网页抓取实例)中,我们初步接触了BeutifulSoup库, 这里我们将通过属性来查找标签tags。

几乎所有的网站都包含CSS,对我们抓取网页很有利,CSS依赖于不同的HTML元素有不同的标记,比如:

来看一个网站-http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html,里面是一篇文章,口语是红色的字体,而讲话者是绿色的字体,选取其中一个源代码片段:

"Heavens! what a virulent attack!" replied the prince, not in the least disconcerted by this reception.

可以使用上一篇文章中使用的程序来创建一个BeautifulSoup对象来获取整个网页:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSouphtml = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)

使用BeautifulSoup对象的findAll方法来提取出一个指定要求的列表

nameList = bsObj.findAll("span", {"class":"green"})for namein nameList:    print(name.get_text())

将上面的代码证整理一下:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")nameList = bsObj.findAll("span", {"class": "green"})for namein nameList:    print(name.get_text())

运行结果:

Anna

Pavlovna Scherer

Empress Marya

……

解释一下上面的代码:

bsObj.findAll(tagName, tagAttributes) 获取整个页面上的标签的列表,然后通过迭代列表,获取相应的标签的内容

find() 和 findAll()

这两个方法很相似,它们的声明如下:

findAll(tag, attributes, recursive, text, limit, keywords)find(tag, attributes, recursive, text, keywords)

tag参数就像之前见到的那样,你可以传递一个字符串或者一个字符串列表:.findAll({"h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6"})

attributes参数传递一个属性和tags相匹配的字典,例如:.findAll("span", {"class":"green", "class":"red"})

recursive参数用于设置是否设置递归

keywor参数允许你包含一个特别的属性,例如:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")allText = bsObj.findAll(id="text")#也可以换为:allText = bsObj.findAll("",{"id":"text"})print(allText[0].get_text())

如果你想查找子标签,可以使用children:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for childin bsObj.find("table", {"id": "giftList"}).children:    print(child)

如果想去掉第一行的

内容,可以使用next_siblings

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for siblingin bsObj.find("table", {"id":"giftList"}).tr.next_siblings:    print(sibling)

如果你想查找父标签,可以使用 previous_siblings:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")print(bsObj.find("img",{"src":"../img/gifts/img1.jpg"}).parent.previous_sibling.get_text())

从下面的html结构一目了然

(3)

— “$15.00” (4)

— s

(2)

Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose (1)

正则表达式与 BeautifulSoup

python中的正则可以参照我的另一篇《 Python基础(9)--正则表达式》

注意到上面的实例网页中有如下结构:

Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose

假如有个需求是提取所有的img标签,按照之前的说法,可以考虑 findAll("img")来解决这个问题,但是现代网站有的隐藏img……等不确定因素,这时候才有正则表达式来解决:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoupimport re html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")images = bsObj.findAll("img", {"src":re.compile("\.\.\/img\/gifts/img.*\.jpg")})for imagein images:    print(image["src"])

运行结果如下:

../img/gifts/img1.jpg

../img/gifts/img2.jpg

../img/gifts/img3.jpg

../img/gifts/img4.jpg

../img/gifts/img6.jpg

作者:工学1号馆

出处: http://wuyudong.com/1842.html

本文版权归作者所有,欢迎转载,在文章页面明显位置给出原文链接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利.

如果觉得本文对您有帮助,可以对作者进行小额【赞助】

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
The Future of HTML: Evolution and TrendsThe Future of HTML: Evolution and TrendsMay 13, 2025 am 12:01 AM

The future of HTML will develop in a more semantic, functional and modular direction. 1) Semanticization will make the tag describe the content more clearly, improving SEO and barrier-free access. 2) Functionalization will introduce new elements and attributes to meet user needs. 3) Modularity will support component development and improve code reusability.

Why are HTML attributes important for web development?Why are HTML attributes important for web development?May 12, 2025 am 12:01 AM

HTMLattributesarecrucialinwebdevelopmentforcontrollingbehavior,appearance,andfunctionality.Theyenhanceinteractivity,accessibility,andSEO.Forexample,thesrcattributeintagsimpactsSEO,whileonclickintagsaddsinteractivity.Touseattributeseffectively:1)Usese

What is the purpose of the alt attribute? Why is it important?What is the purpose of the alt attribute? Why is it important?May 11, 2025 am 12:01 AM

The alt attribute is an important part of the tag in HTML and is used to provide alternative text for images. 1. When the image cannot be loaded, the text in the alt attribute will be displayed to improve the user experience. 2. Screen readers use the alt attribute to help visually impaired users understand the content of the picture. 3. Search engines index text in the alt attribute to improve the SEO ranking of web pages.

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Examples and Practical ApplicationsHTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Examples and Practical ApplicationsMay 09, 2025 am 12:01 AM

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML is used to build web page structure; 2. CSS is used to beautify the appearance of web pages; 3. JavaScript is used to achieve dynamic interaction. Through tags, styles and scripts, these three together build the core functions of modern web pages.

How do you set the lang attribute on the  tag? Why is this important?How do you set the lang attribute on the tag? Why is this important?May 08, 2025 am 12:03 AM

Setting the lang attributes of a tag is a key step in optimizing web accessibility and SEO. 1) Set the lang attribute in the tag, such as. 2) In multilingual content, set lang attributes for different language parts, such as. 3) Use language codes that comply with ISO639-1 standards, such as "en", "fr", "zh", etc. Correctly setting the lang attribute can improve the accessibility of web pages and search engine rankings.

What is the purpose of HTML attributes?What is the purpose of HTML attributes?May 07, 2025 am 12:01 AM

HTMLattributesareessentialforenhancingwebelements'functionalityandappearance.Theyaddinformationtodefinebehavior,appearance,andinteraction,makingwebsitesinteractive,responsive,andvisuallyappealing.Attributeslikesrc,href,class,type,anddisabledtransform

How do you create a list in HTML?How do you create a list in HTML?May 06, 2025 am 12:01 AM

TocreatealistinHTML,useforunorderedlistsandfororderedlists:1)Forunorderedlists,wrapitemsinanduseforeachitem,renderingasabulletedlist.2)Fororderedlists,useandfornumberedlists,customizablewiththetypeattributefordifferentnumberingstyles.

HTML in Action: Examples of Website StructureHTML in Action: Examples of Website StructureMay 05, 2025 am 12:03 AM

HTML is used to build websites with clear structure. 1) Use tags such as, and define the website structure. 2) Examples show the structure of blogs and e-commerce websites. 3) Avoid common mistakes such as incorrect label nesting. 4) Optimize performance by reducing HTTP requests and using semantic tags.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment