告诉你一个将 footer 保持在底部的最好方法_html/css

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告诉你一个将 footer 保持在底部的最好方法_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 21, 2016 am 08:50 AM

原文： Quick Tip: The Best Way To Make Sticky Footers

当你在布局网页时，有可能会遇到类似下面的这种情况

导致这一问题的原因是页面内容太少，无法将内容区域撑开，从而在 footer 下面留下一大块空白。

本文将介绍一种现代化的方法，确保 footer 始终处于页面的底部。

解决方法

解决该问题的最好方法是采用 flexbox——CSS3提供的一种先进布局模型，旨在建立具有适应性的布局。如果你对 flexbox 还不怎么熟悉，文章最后有一些扩展阅读链接，可以帮助你了解 flexbox。

我们的演示页面应该具备 Header、主体内容区域和 Footer，下面是该页面的 HTML

<body>    <header>...</header>    <section class="main-content">...</section>    <footer>...</footer></body>

为了启用 flex模式，我们将 body 的 display 属性设置为 flex, 然后将方向属性设置为列, （默认是行，也就是横向布局）。同时，将html 和 body 元素的高度设置为100%，使其充满整个屏幕。

html{    height: 100%;}body{    display: flex;    flex-direction: column;    height: 100%;}

现在，我们需要调整各个区域占用的页面空间，我们将通过flex 属性来达到这一目的，该属性实际包含了三个属性，分别是：

flex-grow：元素在同一容器中对可分配空间的分配比率，及扩展比率
flex-shrink：如果空间不足，元素的收缩比率
flex-basis：元素的伸缩基准值

我们希望 header 和footer 只占用他们应该占用的空间，将剩余的空间全部交给主体内容区域

header{   /* 我们希望 header 采用固定的高度，只占用必须的空间 */   /* 0 flex-grow, 0 flex-shrink, auto flex-basis */   flex: 0 0 auto;}.main-content{   /* 将 flex-grow 设置为1，该元素会占用所有的可使用空间 而其他元素该属性值为0，因此不会得到多余的空间*/   /* 1 flex-grow, 0 flex-shrink, auto flex-basis */   flex: 1 0 auto;}footer{   /* 和 header 一样，footer 也采用固定高度*/   /* 0 flex-grow, 0 flex-shrink, auto flex-basis */   flex: 0 0 auto;}

最终的效果如下图所示。通过点击中央的粉红按钮改变主体内容，footer 会始终显示在页面的最底部。

demo 页面地址： http://demo.tutorialzine.com/2016/03/quick-tip-the-best-way-to-make-sticky-footers/ （看效果可能需要翻墙）

结论

如你说见，如果是从零开始构建布局，flexbox 将会是你的得力助手。除了极少数的例外，所有的主流浏览器都支持 flexbox，就 IE 来说，IE9以后的版本都是支持的。

下面是一些学习 flexbox 布局模型不错的教程和速查表

CSS-Trick 的 flex box 快速指南
一个专门提供酷炫 flexbox 技术的网站： Solved by Flexbox
5分钟互动教程

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