[CSS] 双飞翼布局和圣杯布局_html/css_WEB-ITnose-HTML Tutorial-php.cn

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[CSS] 双飞翼布局和圣杯布局_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 21, 2016 am 08:47 AM

前言

在使用 CSS 进行布局的时候，我们通常会用到 div 布局和 float padding margin position 之类的CSS属性，使用不同的组合可以得出很多的布局方案。本篇介绍的是三栏布局方案中的双飞翼布局和圣杯布局，它们解决的问题是一样的：左侧和右侧的部分宽度固定，中间部分宽度随浏览器宽度的变化而自适应变化。它们的实现方案在前半部分大同小异，不同之处是如何使中间部分的内容不被两侧遮挡。

准备阶段

此部分属于双飞翼布局和圣杯布局实现方案的前半部分，实现原理是利用 float 和 negative margin 技术。可以按以下步骤进行：

按 middle left right 的顺序写出三个 div ，设置 left 和 right 固定宽度分别为 190px ， 220px （可以给这三栏都加上 min-height ，让它们的初始高度一致。还可以给作为容器的 container 加上 min-width ，以避免窗口宽度缩小时，中间部分消失的问题）
给这三栏都加上 float: left
给 middle 加上 width: 100% ，这时候 left 和 right 会被挤下去
给 left 加上 margin-left: -100% ，拉到 middle 的左边
给 right 加上 margin-left: -220 px ，拉到 middle 的右边

在准备阶段完成后，中间部分的内容会被两侧遮挡到，接下来分别介绍两种布局对于该问题的解决方案。

解决方案

双飞翼布局

给 middle 加一层包裹 middle-wrap ，并设置其 margin: 0 220px 0 190px

以下是完整的代码实现：

<!DOCTYPEhtml><htmllang="en"> <head>    <metacharset="UTF-8">    <title>双飞翼布局</title>    <styletype="text/css">    *{        margin: 0;        padding: 0;    }     .middle,    .left,    .right{        float: left;        min-height: 200px;    }     .middle{        width: 100%;        background-color: green;    }     .middle-wrap{        margin: 0 220px 0 190px;    }     .left{        width: 190px;        margin-left: -100%;        background-color: red;    }     .right{        width: 220px;        margin-left: -220px;        background-color: blue;    }     .container{        min-width: 600px;    }     .header,    .footer{        text-align: center;        background-color: yellow;    }     .footer{        clear: both;    }    </style></head> <body>    <divclass="header">        <h2 id="header">header</h2>    </div>    <divclass="container">        <divclass="middle">            <divclass="middle-wrap">                <h2 id="middle">middle</h2>            </div>        </div>        <divclass="left">            <h2 id="left">left</h2>        </div>        <divclass="right">            <h2 id="right">right</h2>        </div>    </div>    <divclass="footer">        <h2 id="footer">footer</h2>    </div></body> </html>

圣杯布局

给这三栏的容器 container 加上 padding: 0 220px 0 190px，这会使整个容器左右两边各留出 190px 和 220px 的 padding 。
对 left 和 right 设置相对定位 position: relative 和偏移量，从而将它们移动到左右两边的 padding 中。

以下是完整的代码实现：

<!DOCTYPEhtml><htmllang="en"> <head>    <metacharset="UTF-8">    <title>圣杯布局</title>    <styletype="text/css">    *{        margin: 0;        padding: 0;    }     .middle,    .left,    .right{        float: left;        min-height: 200px;    }     .left,    .right{        position: relative;    }     .middle{        width: 100%;        background-color: green;    }     .left{        width: 190px;        margin-left: -100%;        left: -190px;        background-color: red;    }     .right{        width: 220px;        margin-left: -220px;        right: -220px;        background-color: blue;    }     .container{        padding: 0 220px 0 190px;        min-width: 600px;    }     .header,    .footer{        text-align: center;        background-color: yellow;    }     .footer{        clear: both;    }    </style></head> <body>    <divclass="header">        <h2 id="header">header</h2>    </div>    <divclass="container">        <divclass="middle">            <h2 id="middle">middle</h2>        </div>        <divclass="left">            <h2 id="left">left</h2>        </div>        <divclass="right">            <h2 id="right">right</h2>        </div>    </div>    <divclass="footer">        <h2 id="footer">footer</h2>    </div></body> </html>

结论

两种布局都可以实现中间内容最先加载。
相比圣杯布局，双飞翼布局多创建了一个 div ，但不用相对定位。双飞翼布局兼容性很好，可以兼容到IE6。此处的圣杯布局经个人测试，可以兼容到IE8。

参考文章

CSS布局 — 圣杯布局 & 双飞翼布局

双飞翼布局介绍-始于淘宝UED

圣杯布局

CSS布局终极方案之–圣杯布局

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