PHP中超全局变量$GLOBALS和global的区别详解
一、超全局变量$GLOBALS
PHP超全局变量有很多,如下的都属于超全局变量(Superglobal):
$GLOBALS,$_SERVER,$_GET,$_POST,$_FILES,$_COOKIE,$_SESSION,$_REQUEST,$_ENV。
官方说明:
$GLOBALS — 引用全局作用域中可用的全部变量。
一个包含了全部变量的全局组合数组。变量的名字就是数组的键。
即出现过的全局变量,就可以通过$GLOBALS这个数组取得。
PHP生命周期中,定义在函数体外部的所谓全局变量,函数内部是不能直接获得的。
$foo = "Example content"; test(); function test() { $foo = "local variable"; echo '$foo in current scope: ' . $foo . "<br>"; echo '$foo in global scope: ' . $GLOBALS["foo"] . "<br>"; }
如上的例子,要访问外部的$foo必须使用 $GLOBALS数组。对于通过include文件进来的外部全局变量也适用。
php中global也有这样的功能,它和 $GLOBALS 的区别在于:
global在函数产生一个指向函数外部变量的别名变量,而不是真正的函数外部变量。
$GLOBALS[]确确实实调用是外部的变量,函数内外会始终保持一致。
对于类中的成员变量,类中函数必须使用$this->的方式访问,不能用$GLOBALS方式:
global的作用是定义全局变量,但是这个全局变量不是应用于整个网站,而是应用于当前页面,包括include或require的所有文件。
二、实例讲解
function t1() { global $var1, $var2; $var2 = &$var1; } function t2() { $GLOBALS['var3'] = &$GLOBALS['var1']; } $var1 = 5; $var2 = $var3 = 0; t1(); print $var2 ."\n"; t2(); print $var3 ."\n";
执行结果为:
0 5
为什么不是 2个5 而是 1个0和1个5 呢?
再修改一下例子:
function t1() { global $var1; $var1 = 2; unset($var1); } function t2() { $GLOBALS['var1'] = 3; unset($GLOBALS['var1']); } $var1 = 1; t1(); print $var1 . "\n"; t2(); print $var1 . "\n";
执行结果只输入一个2;
$GLOBALS是由所有已定义全局变量自动形成的数组。变量名就是该数组的索引。
即$GLOBALS['var1']与函数外部的变量$var1是同一个变量,所以将$GLOBALS['var1'] 删除后,该变量已不存在,所有无法输出了。
注:$GLOBALS是自动全局变量。这意味着它在所有的脚本中都有效。在函数或方法中不需要使用 global $GLOBALS; 来访问它。
"global $var1;"是产生了函数外部$var1的别名变量"$var1"
它不是真正的函数外部变量,他只存在于函数的内部,所以即使在函数内将别名变量删除也不会影响外面的变量,但是可以修改函数外部变量的值。
或许有的人总想知道这个或那个的区别:在php程序,包括其他程序的学习中,自己动手实验,根据结果加上的思考,有的时候比上网查找可能会来得更快一些,更准确一些。下面我们来讲一下,php在全局范围内访问变量要怎么办?
例一:global定义全局变量。
function test_global() { global $var1; $var1 = 'ok'; unset($var1); } test_global(); $var2 = &$var1; unset($var1); echo $var2;
先不给出结果,自己运行一下程序。函数内部的变量可以访问到了。
从结果可以看出,unset只是断开变量名与变量值连接,并没有马上销毁变量的值,而且在函数内部定义的全局变量,实际在外部只是使用了函数内部的别名而已,所以我们在外面依然可以访问$var1。
例二:$GLOBALS在函数内部访问函数外面定义的变量。
$waibu = 'out'; function ff() { echo $GLOBALS['waibu']; } ff();
直接在函数内部使用$waibu是会出错的。

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