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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP常见异步调用的实现方式

浏览器和服务器之间是一种面向无连接的HTTP协议进行通讯的,面向无连接的程序的特点是客户端请求服务端,服务端根据请求输出相应的程序,不能保持持久连接。这样就出现了一个问题,一个客户端的相应服务端可能执行1秒也有可能执行1分钟,这样浏览器就会一直处于等待状态,如果程序执行缓慢,用户可能就没耐心关掉了浏览器。

而有的时候我们不需要关心程序执行的结果,没有必要这样浪费时间和耐心等待,那我们就要想出办法让程序不收等待在后台静默执行。比如现在有一个场景,给1000个用户发送一封推荐邮件,用户输入或者导入邮件账号了提交服务器执行发送。

<p><?php  </p>for($i=0;$i<1000;$i++){  <br />  sendmail(.....);//发送邮件  <br /><p>}</p>

这段代码用户体验极差,也无法实际运用,首先发送这么多邮件会产生服务器运行超时,其实漫长的用户等待时间会让用户对系统产品怀疑和失去信心。

但是用户不需要等待到1000封邮件都发送完毕了才提交发送成功,我们完全可以提交后台后直接给用户提示发送成功,然后让后台程序静默依次发送。

这个时候我们就需要“异步执行”技术来执行代码,异步执行的特点是后台静默执行,用户无需等待代码的执行结果,使用异步执行的好处:

1.摆脱了应用程序对单个任务的依赖性

2.提高了程序的执行效率

3.提高了程序的扩展性

4.在一定场景提高了用户体验

5.因为PHP不支持多线程,使用异步调用的请求多个HTTP的方式达到了程序并行执行效果,但是注意的是请求的HTTP过多的话,会大大加大了系统的开销PHP异步调用执行的四种常用方式

1.客户端页面采用AJAX技术请求服务器

最简单的办法,就是在返回给客户端的HTML代码中,嵌入AJAX调用,这种方法最简单,也最快。服务器端不用做任何的调用。但是缺点是,一般来说Ajax都应该在onLoad以后触发,也就是说,用户点开页面后,就关闭,那就不会触发我们的后台脚本了。

还有一种方法是使用img标签,利用src属性指向要执行的脚本,这种方式不能称为严格意义上的异步执行。用户浏览器会长时间等待php脚本的执行完成,也就是用户浏览器的状态栏一直显示在加载的状态。当然,还可以使用其他的类似原理的方法,比如script标签等等。

2.popen()函数

resource popen ( string command, string mode );

//打开一个指向进程的管道,该进程由派生给定的 command 命令执行而产生。打开一个指向进程的管道,该进程由派生给定的 command 命令执行而产生。所以可以通过调用它,但忽略它的输出。pclose(popen("/home/xinchen/backend.php &", 'r'));这个方法避免了第一个方法的缺点,并且也很快。

但是问题是,这种方法不能通过HTTP协议请求另外的一个WebService,只能执行本地的脚本文件。

并且只能单向打开,无法穿大量参数给被调用脚本。并且如果访问量很高的时候,会产生大量的进程。如果使用到了外部资源,还要自己考虑竞争。

3.CURL扩展

CURL是一个强大的HTTP命令行工具,可以模拟POST/GET等HTTP请求,然后得到和提取数据,显示在"标准输出"(stdout)上面。

下面列举一个简单的使用示例:

<p><?php</p>$ch=curl_init();<br />$curl_opt=array(<br />	CURLOPT_URL,'http://www.scutephp.com/ajax.php',<br />	CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1,<br />	CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,1<br />);<br />curl_setopt_array($ch,$curl_opt);<br />curl_exec($ch);<br /><p>curl_close($ch);

需要注意的是,使用CURL需要设置CUROPT_TIMEOUT为1(最小为1,郁闷)。也就是说,客户端至少必须等待1秒钟。

4.fscokopen()函数

fsockopen是一个非常强大的函数,支持socket编程,可以使用fsockopen实现邮件发送等socket程序等等,使用fcockopen需要自己手动拼接出header部分。

官方使用说明文档: http://cn.php.net/fsockopen/

下面列举一个fscokopen函数的使用示例:

<p><?php</p>$fp=fsockopen('www.scutephp.com',80,$errno,$errstr,30);<br />if(!$fp){<br />    echo "$errstr ($errno)<br />\n";<br />}else{<br />    $out="GET /backend.php  / HTTP/1.1\r\n";<br />    $out.="Host: www.scutephp.com\r\n";<br />    $out.="Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";<br />    fwrite($fp,$out);<br />    /*忽略执行结果<br />    while(!feof($fp)){<br />        echo fgets($fp,128);<br />    }*/<br />    fclose($fp);<br />}


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