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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP 5.5中的新特性及被弃用的功能函数总结

PHP5.5新特性及与php5.4的区别总结
现在,让我们来看看PHP5.5 可能会新增的功能:   

1、放弃对Windows XP和2003 的支持  

2.弃用e修饰符  

e修饰符是指示preg_replace函数用来评估替换字符串作为PHP代码,而不只是仅仅做一个简单的字符串替换。不出所料,这种行为会源源不断的出现安全问题。这就是为什么在PHP5.5 中使用这个修饰符将抛出一个弃用警告。作为替代,你应该使用preg_replace_callback函数。你可以从RFC找到更多关于这个变化相应的信息。  

 3.新增函数和类  

boolval()  
PHP已经实现了strval、intval和floatval的函数。为了达到一致性将添加boolval函数。它完全可以作为一个布尔值计算,也可以作为一个回调函数。   
  
hash_pbkdf2()  
PBKDF2全称“Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2”,正如它的名字一样,是一种从密码派生出加密密钥的算法。这就需要加密算法,也可以用于对密码哈希。更广泛的说明和用法示例  
  
array_column()  

$userNames = array_column($users, 'name');  
// is the same as  
$userNames = [];  
foreach ($users as $user) {  
    $userNames[] = $user['name'];  
}  

 intl 扩展   
将有许多改进 intl的扩展。例如,将会有新的IntlCalendar,IntlGregorianCalendar,IntlTimeZone,IntlBreakIterator,IntlRuleBasedBreakIterator,IntlCodePointBreakIterator类。之前,我竟然不知道有这么多关于intl扩展,如果你想知道更多,我建议你去最新公告里找 Calendar和 BreakIterator。   

4.一个简单的密码散列API  

$password = "foo";    
// creating the hash    
$hash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);    
// verifying a password    
if (password_verify($password, $hash)) {    
    // password correct!    
} else {    
    // password wrong!    
}   

5.新的语言特性和增强功能。  

常量引用  
“常量引用”意味着数组可以直接操作字符串和数组字面值。举两个例子:  

function randomHexString($length) {    
    $str = '';    
    for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {    
        $str .= "0123456789abcdef"[mt_rand(0, 15)]; // direct dereference of string    
    }    
}    
function randomBool() {    
    return [false, true][mt_rand(0, 1)]; // direct dereference of array    
}   


我不认为在实践中会使用此功能,但它使语言更加一致。请参阅 RFC。  

6.调用empty()函数(和其他表达式)一起工作  

目前,empty()语言构造只能用在变量,而不能在其他表达式。  
在特定的代码像empty($this->getFriends())将会抛出一个错误。作为PHP5.5 这将成为有效的代码  

7.获取完整类别名称 

PHP5.3 中引入命名空间的别名类和命名空间短版本的功能。虽然这并不适用于字符串类名称  

use Some\Deeply\Nested\Namespace\FooBar;    
// does not work, because this will try to use the global `FooBar` class    
$reflection = new ReflectionClass(&#39;FooBar&#39;);   
echo FooBar::class;  


为了解决这个问题采用新的FooBar::class语法,它返回类的完整类别名称  

8.参数跳跃   

如果你有一个函数接受多个可选的参数,目前没有办法只改变最后一个参数,而让其他所有参数为默认值。   
RFC上的例子,如果你有一个函数如下:   

function create_query($where, $order_by, $join_type=&#39;&#39;, $execute = false, $report_errors = true) { ... }  


那么有没有办法设置$report_errors=false,而其他两个为默认值。为了解决这个跳跃参数的问题而提出:   

create_query("deleted=0", "name", default, default, false);  


我个人不是特别喜欢这个提议。在我的眼睛里,代码需要这个功能,只是设计不当。函数不应该有12个可选参数。   

9.标量类型提示   

标量类型提示原本计划进入5.4,但由于缺乏共识而没有做。获取更多关于为什么标量类型提示没有做进PHP的信息,请参阅: 标量类型提示比你认为的更难。   
对于PHP5.5 而言,针对标量类型提示讨论又一次出现,我认为这是一个相当不错的 提议。   
它需要通过输入值来指定类型。例如:123,123.0,“123”都是一个有效的int参数输入,但“hello world”就不是。这与内部函数的行为一致。   
 

function foo(int $i) { ... }  
foo(1);      // $i = 1  
foo(1.0);    // $i = 1  
foo("1");    // $i = 1  
foo("1abc"); // not yet clear, maybe $i = 1 with notice  
foo(1.5);    // not yet clear, maybe $i = 1 with notice  
foo([]);     // error  
foo("abc");  // error  

10.Getter 和 Setter   

如果你从不喜欢写这些getXYZ()和setXYZ($value)方法,那么这应该是你最受欢迎的改变。提议添加一个新的语法来定义一个属性的设置/读取:   

<?php  
  
class TimePeriod {  
    public $seconds;  
  
    public $hours {  
        get { return $this->seconds / 3600; }  
        set { $this->seconds = $value * 3600; }  
    }  
}  
$timePeriod = new TimePeriod;  
$timePeriod->hours = 10;  
var_dump($timePeriod->seconds); // int(36000)  
var_dump($timePeriod->hours);   // int(10)  


当然还有更多的功能,比如只读属性。如果你想要知道更多,请参阅 RFC。   

11.生成器   

目前,自定义迭代器很少使用,因为它们的实现,需要大量的样板代码。生成器解决这个问题,并提供了一种简单的样板代码来创建迭代器。   
例如,你可以定义一个范围函数作为迭代器:   

<?php  
function *xrange($start, $end, $step = 1) {  
    for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i += $step) {  
        yield $i;  
    }  
}  
foreach (xrange(10, 20) as $i) {  
    // ...  
}  


上述xrange函数具有与内建函数相同的行为,但有一点区别:不是返回一个数组的所有值,而是返回一个迭代器动态生成的值。   

12.列表解析和生成器表达式   

列表解析提供一个简单的方法对数组进行小规模操作:   
$firstNames = [foreach ($users as $user) yield $user->firstName];  
上述列表解析相等于下面的代码:   

$firstNames = [];  
foreach ($users as $user) {  
    $firstNames[] = $user->firstName;  
}  


也可以这样过滤数组:   

$underageUsers = [foreach ($users as $user) if ($user->age < 18) yield $user];  


生成器表达式也很类似,但是返回一个迭代器(用于动态生成值)而不是一个数组。   
  

13.finally关键字  

这个和java中的finally一样,经典的try ... catch ... finally 三段式异常处理。  

14.foreach 支持list()  

对于“数组的数组”进行迭代,之前需要使用两个foreach,现在只需要使用foreach + list了,但是这个数组的数组中的每个数组的个数需要一样。看文档的例子一看就明白了。  
 

$array = [  
    [1, 2],  
    [3, 4],  
];  
foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) {  
    echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";  
}  

15.增加了opcache扩展  

使用opcache会提高php的性能,你可以和其他扩展一样静态编译(--enable-opcache)或者动态扩展(zend_extension)加入这个优化项。  

16.非变量array和string也能支持下标获取了  

echo array(1, 2, 3)[0];  
echo [1, 2, 3][0];  
echo "foobar"[2];  


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