search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中“工厂模式”编程设计模型详解

PHP编程开发模式-工厂模式详解

PHP工厂模式:
①抽象基类:类中定义抽象一些方法,用以在子类中实现
②继承自抽象基类的子类:实现基类中的抽象方法
③工厂类:用以实例化对象

 1 采用封装方式
 2 
 3 <?php 4     class Calc{
 5         /**
 6          * 计算结果
 7          *
 8          * @param int|float $num1
 9          * @param int|float $num2
10          * @param string $operator
11          * @return int|float
12          */
13         public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
14             try {
15                 $result=0;
16                 switch ($operator){
17                     case '+':
18                         $result= $num1+$num2;
19                         break;
20                     case '-':
21                         $result= $num1-$num2;
22                         break;
23                     case '*':
24                         $result= $num1*$num2;
25                         break;
26                     case '/':
27                         if ($num2==0) {
28                             throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
29                         }
30                         $result= $num1/$num2;
31                         break;
32                 }
33             return $result;
34             }catch (Exception $e){
35                 echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
36             }
37         }
38     }
39     $test=new Calc();
40 //    echo $test->calculate(2,3,'+');//打印:5
41     echo $test->calculate(5,0,'/');//打印:您输入有误:除数不能为0
42 ?>

优点:以上代码使用了面向对象的封装特性,只要有了include这个类,其他页面就可以随便使用了

缺点:无法灵活的扩展和维护
比如:想要增加一个“求余”运算,需要在switch语句块中添加一个分支语句,代码需要做如下改动

 1 添加分支语句
 2 
 3 <?php 4     class Calc{
 5         public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
 6             try {
 7                 $result=0;
 8                 switch ($operator){
 9                     //......省略......
10                     case '%':
11                         $result= $num1%$num2;
12                         break;
13                     //......省略......
14                 }
15             }catch (Exception $e){
16                 echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
17             }
18         }
19     }
20 ?>

代码分析:用以上方法实现给计算器添加新的功能运算有以下几个缺点

①需要改动原有的代码块,可能会在为了“添加新功能”而改动原有代码的时候,不小心将原有的代码改错了
②如果要添加的功能很多,比如:‘乘方’,‘开方’,‘对数’,‘三角函数’,‘统计’,或者添加一些程序员专用的计算功能,比如:And, Or, Not, Xor,这样就需要在switch语句中添加N个分支语句。想象下,一个计算功能的函数如果有二三十个case分支语句,代码将超过一屏,不仅令代码的可读性大大降低,关键是,为了添加小功能,还得让其余不相关都参与解释,这令程序的执行效率大大降低
解决途径:采用OOP的继承和多态思想

 1 工厂模式的初步实现
 2  <?php 3      /**
 4       * 操作类
 5       * 因为包含有抽象方法,所以类必须声明为抽象类
 6       */
 7      abstract class Operation{
 8          //抽象方法不能包含函数体
 9          abstract public function getValue($num1,$num2);//强烈要求子类必须实现该功能函数
10      }
11      /**
12       * 加法类
13       */
14      class OperationAdd extends Operation {
15          public function getValue($num1,$num2){
16              return $num1+$num2;
17          }
18      }
19      /**
20       * 减法类
21       */
22      class OperationSub extends Operation {
23          public function getValue($num1,$num2){
24              return $num1-$num2;
25          }
26      }
27      /**
28       * 乘法类
29       */
30      class OperationMul extends Operation {
31          public function getValue($num1,$num2){
32              return $num1*$num2;
33          }
34      }
35      /**
36       * 除法类
37       */
38      class OperationDiv extends Operation {
39          public function getValue($num1,$num2){
40              try {
41                  if ($num2==0){
42                      throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
43                  }else {
44                      return $num1/$num2;
45                  }
46              }catch (Exception $e){
47                  echo "错误信息:".$e->getMessage();
48              }
49          }
50      }
51  ?>

这里采用了面向对象的继承特性,首先声明一个虚拟基类,在基类中指定子类务必实现的方法(getValue())

分析:通过采用面向对象的继承特性,我们可以很容易就能对原有程序进行扩展,比如:‘乘方’,‘开方’,‘对数’,‘三角函数’,‘统计’等等。

<?php /**
     * 求余类(remainder)
     *
     */
    class OperationRem extends Operation {
        public function getValue($num1,$num2){
            return $num1%$num12;
        }
    }
?>

我们只需要另外写一个类(该类继承虚拟基类),在类中完成相应的功能(比如:求乘方的运算),而且大大的降低了耦合度,方便日后的维护及扩展

现在还有一个问题未解决,就是如何让程序根据用户输入的操作符实例化相应的对象呢?
解决办法:使用一个单独的类来实现实例化的过程,这个类就是工厂
代码如下:

 1 <?php 2     /**
 3      * 工程类,主要用来创建对象
 4      * 功能:根据输入的运算符号,工厂就能实例化出合适的对象
 5      *
 6      */
 7     class Factory{
 8         public static function createObj($operate){
 9             switch ($operate){
10                 case '+':
11                     return new OperationAdd();
12                     break;
13                 case '-':
14                     return new OperationSub();
15                     break;
16                 case '*':
17                     return new OperationSub();
18                     break;
19                 case '/':
20                     return new OperationDiv();
21                     break;
22             }
23         }
24     }
25     $test=Factory::createObj('/');
26     $result=$test->getValue(23,0);
27     echo $result;
28 ?>


Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:24 AM

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsPHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsApr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Apr 17, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:06 AM

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values ​​to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguagePHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguageApr 16, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactPHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactApr 16, 2025 am 12:17 AM

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedWhy Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedApr 16, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),