search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp判断上传文件文件类型的安全方法

在使用 php 进行文件的上传和存储时,很多人都会给文件进行重名命并保存到可写文件夹下,然后我们在其中一个失误的地方便是采用上传文件的扩展名作为判断文件类型的依据。

这样做其实与后门大开无异,举一个简单的例子,通过扩展名判断一般是字符串的截取判断,或者是使用$_FILE数组判断,然后如果用户上传的文件名为 image.php.png, image.png.php, image.php%****.png 之类的话,判断就会出错。

另外,$_FILES['type']可能被篡改。

下面是我判断文件名的方法:

读取文件头四个字节作为判断。         

下面直接上代码

我实现的是仅支持word和pdf文件,且文件大小小于512kb:

	$tmpname = $_FILES ['userfile'] ['tmp_name'];
	if(is_uploaded_file($tmpname)) {
		$mimetype = detectMIME($tmpname);
		$tuozhanming = getFileExt($filename, $mimetype);
		if($tuozhanming == "type_error"){
			echo '仅支持word和pdf文件,且文件大小小于512kb:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
			exit();
		}
	}else{
		$_FILES ['userfile'] ['error'] = 6;
	}

	if ($_FILES ['userfile'] ['error'] > 0) {
		echo 'Problem: ';
		switch ($_FILES ['userfile'] ['error']) {
			case 1 :
				echo '上传文件过大:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
			case 2 :
				echo '上传文件过大:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
			case 3 :
				echo '文件上传丢失:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
			case 4 :
				echo '无文件被上传:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
			case 6 :
				echo '仅支持word和pdf文件,且文件大小小于512kb:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
			case 7 :
				echo '上传文件存储失败:<a href=".%24reurl.">请重试</a>';
				break;
		}
		exit ();
	}
	//判断文件类型
	//上传文件 
	$_FILES ['userfile'] ['name'] = time () . "." . $tuozhanming;
	$upfile = '../uploads/' . $_FILES ['userfile'] ['name'];

	if ( !move_uploaded_file ( $_FILES ['userfile'] ['tmp_name'], $upfile )) {
		echo 'Problem: 文件移动失败';
		exit ();
	}
	
}

function detectMIME($filename) {
	$file = fopen ( $filename, "rb" );
	$finfo = finfo_open ( FILEINFO_MIME );
	if (! $finfo) {
		// 直接读取文件的前4个字节,根据硬编码判断
		$file = fopen ( $filename, "rb" );
		$bin = fread ( $file, 4 ); //只读文件头4字节
		fclose ( $file );
		$strInfo = @unpack ( "C4chars", $bin );
		//dechex() 函数把十进制转换为十六进制。
		$typeCode = dechex ( $strInfo ['chars1'] ) . 
                            dechex ( $strInfo ['chars2'] ) . 
                            dechex ( $strInfo ['chars3'] ) . 
                            dechex ( $strInfo ['chars4'] );
		$type = '';
		switch ($typeCode) //硬编码值查表
		{
			case "504b34" :
				$type = 'application/zip; charset=binary';
				break;
			case "d0cf11e0" :
				$type = 'application/vnd.ms-office; charset=binary';
				break;
			case "25504446" :
				$type = 'application/pdf; charset=binary';
				break;
			default :
				$type = 'application/vnd.ms-office; charset=binary';
				break;
		}
	} else {
		//finfo_file return information of a file
		$type = finfo_file ( $finfo, $filename );
	}
	return $type;

function getFileExt($filename, $type) {
	switch ($type) {
		case "application/zip; charset=binary" :
			$extType = "docx";
			break;
		case "application/vnd.ms-office; charset=binary" :
			$extType = "doc";
			break;
		case "application/msword; charset=binary" :
    			$extType = "doc";
   			break;
		case "application/pdf; charset=binary" :
			$extType = "pdf";
			break;
		default :
			$extType = "type_error";
			break;
	}
	return $extType;
}

 


Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
PHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguagePHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguageApr 16, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactPHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactApr 16, 2025 am 12:17 AM

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedWhy Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedApr 16, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

Debunking the Myths: Is PHP Really a Dead Language?Debunking the Myths: Is PHP Really a Dead Language?Apr 16, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

The PHP vs. Python Debate: Which is Better?The PHP vs. Python Debate: Which is Better?Apr 16, 2025 am 12:03 AM

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP's Purpose: Building Dynamic WebsitesPHP's Purpose: Building Dynamic WebsitesApr 15, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP: Handling Databases and Server-Side LogicPHP: Handling Databases and Server-Side LogicApr 15, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

How do you prevent SQL Injection in PHP? (Prepared statements, PDO)How do you prevent SQL Injection in PHP? (Prepared statements, PDO)Apr 15, 2025 am 12:15 AM

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools