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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP PSR-0 自动加载规范

自动加载规范

此规范已被弃用 - 本规范已于2014年10月21日被标记为弃用,目前最新的替代规范为 [PSR-4] 。

本文是为自动加载器(autoloader)实现通用自动加载,所需要遵循的编码规范。

规范说明

  • 一个标准的 命名空间(namespace) 与 类(class) 名称的定义必须符合以下结构:
    \\(\)*

  • 其中Vendor Name为每个命名空间都必须要有的一个顶级命名空间名;

  • 需要的话,每个命名空间下可以拥有多个子命名空间;

  • 当根据完整的命名空间名从文件系统中载入类文件时,每个命名空间之间的分隔符都会被转换成文件夹路径分隔符;

  • 类名称中的每个 _ 字符也会被转换成文件夹路径分隔符,而命名空间中的 _ 字符则是无特殊含义的。

  • 当从文件系统中载入标准的命名空间或类时,都将添加 .php 为目标文件后缀;

  • 组织名称(Vendor Name)、命名空间(Namespace) 以及 类的名称(Class Name) 可由任意大小写字母组成。

范例

  • \Doctrine\Common\IsolatedClassLoader => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/Doctrine/Common/IsolatedClassLoader.php

  • \Symfony\Core\Request => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/Symfony/Core/Request.php

  • \Zend\Acl => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/Zend/Acl.php

  • \Zend\Mail\Message => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/Zend/Mail/Message.php

命名空间以及类名称中的下划线

  • \namespace\package\Class_Name => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/namespace/package/Class/Name.php

  • \namespace\package_name\Class_Name => /path/to/project/lib/vendor/namespace/package_name/Class/Name.php

以上是使用通用自动加载必须遵循的最低规范标准, 可通过以下的示例函数 SplClassLoader 载入 PHP 5.3 的类文件,来验证你所写的命名空间以及类是否符合以上规范。

实例

以下示例函数为本规范的一个简单实现。

<?phpfunction autoload($className){    $className = ltrim($className, '\\');    $fileName  = '';    $namespace = '';    if ($lastNsPos = strrpos($className, '\\')) {        $namespace = substr($className, 0, $lastNsPos);        $className = substr($className, $lastNsPos + 1);        $fileName  = str_replace('\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $namespace) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;    }    $fileName .= str_replace('_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $className) . '.php';    require $fileName;}

SplClassLoader 实例

以下的 gist 是 一个 SplClassLoader 类文件的实例,如果你遵循了以上规范,可以把它用来载入你的类文件。 这也是目前 PHP 5.3 建议的类文件载入方式。

Gist地址

转自Github(PizzaLiu)

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