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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial简单概述PHP的命名空间及其在自动载入上的应用

php自5.3以后引入了命名空间namespace这一特性使得php在面向对象设计的过程中更加规范清晰,同时在框架的架构中自动载入模式也完全尽齐用来提高框架自身的性能--按需载入

无命名空间声明其实为在根命名空间下

<?php/*** 命名空间为Project* 则类的完整名为 Project\Web 而不是Web*/namespace Project;class Web{		function __construct()	{		echo __NAMESPACE__ . '<br/>';		echo __CLASS__ . '<br/>';	}}//若不已'\'开头则为使用当前命名空间下的类new Web();//当然我们可以指出完整的类名来 \Project\Web 为根命名空间下的Project命名空间下的Web类new \Project\Web();?>

1、若当前无命名空间声明,则默认在根命名空间'\'下

2、若当前存在命名空间生命,则默认的类实例化时都是此命名空间为前提,除非使用use声明某类的完整类名

比如

<?phpnamespace Web;use Common\Tools as CommonTools;class Tools {}//如同linux的路径//当前目录为 usr, 则 local 意味当前目录usr下的local,但 /var 则意味根目录下的 varnew Tools(); //从当前为命名空间Web开始,所以Tools的完整类名为Web\Toolsnew \Common\Tools(); //从根命名空间'\'开始,访问的是Common\Toolsnew CommonTools(); //因为使用了use声明,就如同将\Common\Tools 别名成 CommonTools?>

其实php的use声明并不是将此类导入到当前工作区域,而是单单指明

use Web\Tools;

Tools的类名是Web\Tools

当你new的时候他才会检查当前工作区中有没有这个类,没有的话就会检测有没有写自动载入函数

若也没有的话那就报错了,否则会调用你的自动载入函数

将你要实例化的完整类名传递进去

new Tools(); //这时会实例化名为Web\Tools的类,若没有include进来,且有些自动载入函数,则会将Web\Tools传递给次函数,你可以通过传递的类名做自己的引入处理

框架大都是根据类名做路径映射

比如Yii框架

//当前命名空间namespace app\Controllers;//声明Controller为yii\web命名空间下的,此后若有用到Controller的地方,完整名皆为yii\web\Controlleruse yii\web\Controller;//继承也会要求解析此类,所以当前工作目录会要求检查是否有yii\web\Controller的类,可惜没有//但系统会在给你一次几乎,看是否有自动加载函数,Yii当然有,传递给加载函数'yii\web\Controller'作为参数//加载函数解析类名发现是以yii开头的,则做路径映射,将yii\web\Controller映射为其框架类库文件的路径//即vendor\yiisoft\yii2, 拼接上web\Controller 拼接上.php后缀,就获取到了这个文件//文件里保存的类的命名空间为yii\web,类名为Controllerclass IndexController extends Controller {}



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