PHP:文件加载
PHP文件加载综述:
有4个文件加载的语法形式(注意,不是函数):include , include_once , require , require_once;
它们的本质是一样的,都是用于加载(引入/包含/载入)一个外部文件到当前php代码中来。
它们只在2个方面有细微区别:
1:如果加载文件失败,则有不同的处理规则。include 与 require不同
2:如果加载重复,则有不同的处理规则。XXX 与 XXX_once 不同
3:它们都是语法结构,而非函数,使用形式可以有两种:
include '文件路径';
include('文件路径');
文件路径:
不管是哪个载入语法结构,都涉及到文件路径问题。主要有3种情况:
1:相对路径
就是以“./”,或“../”,开头的路径
./ 表示当前网页文件的所在位置(文件夹/目录);
../ 表示当前网页文件的所在位置的上一级位置(文件夹/目录);
这种相对位置对一个网站中的所有内容(包括php,html,图片,css,js文件)都有效
2:绝对路径
有两种绝对路径:
本地绝对路径:
window系统:c:/d1/d2/index.php
unix系统: /d1/d2/index.php
网络绝对路径:http://www.abc.com/d1/d2/index.php
3:只有文件名(无路径,只给出文件名,不推荐)
在php的include语法(其它3个也一样)中,如果只给出文件名,而没有给出路径,则此时有其内部找到该文件的规则,如下:
首先在系统设置的include目录中查找
在php.ini配置文件中,有:include_path设定
可见默认无设定;该设定其实可以设定多个目录,其间用分号分开;系统会按顺序依次查找
没找到,则在网页文件所在目录下找(当前工作目录)
没找到,则在当前include命令所在文件的目录下找
文件载入过程:
从include语句处退出php脚本模式(进入html代码模式)
载入include语句所设定的文件中的代码,并执行之(如同在当前文件中一样)
退出html模式重新进入php脚本模式,继续之后的代码
几个区别:
include_once and include的区别:前者能保证不会被重复加载
require and include 的区别:如果被包含文件不存在,即引用失败(出错)时,include警告并继续执行后面的代码,require会直接终止
require_once and require 的区别:前者能保证不会被重复加载
return 关键字:
以前,我们只在函数中出现return关键字,其作用是,结束函数,并可以返回数据;
return; //单纯结束;
return $x; //结束,并返回数据$x;
那么,被包含(载入)的文件中的return也具有同样的作用!
默认情况下include载入成功返回1,载入失败返回false
但被包含的文件中可以使用return语句返回数据值并终止该文件的后续部分的执行
return返回的数据如同函数返回值一样可以进一步处理(比如赋值给其它变量)

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