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PHP:文件加载


PHP文件加载综述:


    有4个文件加载的语法形式(注意,不是函数):include , include_once , require , require_once;

它们的本质是一样的,都是用于加载(引入/包含/载入)一个外部文件到当前php代码中来。


它们只在2个方面有细微区别:

    1:如果加载文件失败,则有不同的处理规则。include 与 require不同

    2:如果加载重复,则有不同的处理规则。XXX 与 XXX_once 不同

    3:它们都是语法结构,而非函数,使用形式可以有两种:

        include '文件路径';

        include('文件路径');


文件路径:


    不管是哪个载入语法结构,都涉及到文件路径问题。主要有3种情况:

1:相对路径

    就是以“./”,或“../”,开头的路径

        ./    表示当前网页文件的所在位置(文件夹/目录);

        ../    表示当前网页文件的所在位置的上一级位置(文件夹/目录);

        这种相对位置对一个网站中的所有内容(包括php,html,图片,css,js文件)都有效

2:绝对路径

    有两种绝对路径:

    本地绝对路径:

        window系统:c:/d1/d2/index.php

        unix系统:  /d1/d2/index.php

    网络绝对路径:http://www.abc.com/d1/d2/index.php

3:只有文件名(无路径,只给出文件名,不推荐)

    在php的include语法(其它3个也一样)中,如果只给出文件名,而没有给出路径,则此时有其内部找到该文件的规则,如下:

    首先在系统设置的include目录中查找

        在php.ini配置文件中,有:include_path设定

        

        可见默认无设定;该设定其实可以设定多个目录,其间用分号分开;系统会按顺序依次查找

    没找到,则在网页文件所在目录下找(当前工作目录)

    没找到,则在当前include命令所在文件的目录下找

    

文件载入过程:

    从include语句处退出php脚本模式(进入html代码模式)

    载入include语句所设定的文件中的代码,并执行之(如同在当前文件中一样)

    退出html模式重新进入php脚本模式,继续之后的代码


几个区别:

    include_once and include的区别:前者能保证不会被重复加载

    require and include 的区别:如果被包含文件不存在,即引用失败(出错)时,include警告并继续执行后面的代码,require会直接终止

    require_once and require 的区别:前者能保证不会被重复加载


return 关键字:

    以前,我们只在函数中出现return关键字,其作用是,结束函数,并可以返回数据;

        return; //单纯结束;

        return $x; //结束,并返回数据$x;

那么,被包含(载入)的文件中的return也具有同样的作用!

    默认情况下include载入成功返回1,载入失败返回false

    但被包含的文件中可以使用return语句返回数据值并终止该文件的后续部分的执行

    return返回的数据如同函数返回值一样可以进一步处理(比如赋值给其它变量)



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