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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial基于Laravel Task-Scheduler定时发送邮件小程序

说明:本文主要学习Laravel的Artisan Command、Task Scheduler和Mail相关知识。做一个简单的小demo,用来定时发邮件。。走完整个流程最多只需一小时。同时,作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去,提高阅读效率。作者的开发环境是本机的MAMP集成软件,PHP7.0,Laravel5.2.*。

Laravel中Artisan Command内容可以参看: 服务 —— Artisan Console ,Mail邮件服务内容可以参看: 服务 —— 邮件 ,以及Task-Scheduler任务定时器可以参看: 服务 —— 任务调度 。

Artisan Command

新建一个artisan command:

php artisan make:console SendEmails --command=emails:send

并在AppConsoleCommandsSendEmails.php文件中添加代码:

class SendEmails extends Command{    /**     * The name and signature of the console command.     *     * @var string     */    protected $signature = 'emails:send';    /**     * The console command description.     *     * @var string     */    protected $description = 'This is a demo about sending emails to myself';    /**     * Create a new command instance.     *     * @return void     */    public function __construct()    {        parent::__construct();    }    /**     * Execute the console command.     *     * @return mixed     */    public function handle()    {        $this->info('I am handsome');        $this->error('I am not ugly');    }}

写上$description和handle()方法,$description变量用来显示命令的说明,handle()用来处理命令,然后在AppConsoleCommandsKernel.php中注册命令:

protected $commands = [        // Commands\Inspire::class,        Commands\SendEmails::class,    ];

好,这下可以在终端输入php artisan查看并执行命令了:

Mail

邮件服务API驱动需要安装guzzlehttp/guzzle这个包,在项目根目录下:

composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle

然后在.env文件中配置下邮件驱动和用户名密码:

然后修改下handle()方法:

/**     * Execute the console command.     *     * @return mixed     */    public function handle()    {//        $this->info('I am handsome');//        $this->error('I am not ugly');        $user = [            'email' => 'XXX@XXX.com',//一个有效的邮箱接收地址            'name'  => 'liuxiang',        ];        $status = Mail::send('emails.send', ['user'=>$user], function($msg) use ($user){            $msg->from('XXX@XXX.com', 'liuxiang email');//一个有效的邮箱发送地址            $msg->to($user['email'], $user['name'])->subject('This is a demo about sending emails to myself');        });        if(!$status){            $this->error('Fail to send email');exit;        }        $this->info('Success to send email');exit;    }

发送的内容在视图emails.send里,新建resources/views/emails/send.blade.php文件:

<html lang="en">    <head>        <meta charset="utf-8">        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">        <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->        <title>Bootstrap Template</title>        <style>            html,body{                width: 100%;                height: 100%;            }            *{                margin: 0;                border: 0;            }            .content{                text-align: center;                margin: 50px;            }        </style>    </head>    <body>        <div class="container">            <div class="row">                <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12">                    <p class="content">This is a email by Laravel Artisan Command</p>                </div>            </div>        </div>        <script>        </script>    </body></html>

一切准备OK,在项目根目录运行邮件发送命令吧,然后会收到邮件发送成功打印:

然后接收的邮箱会收到邮件:

It is working!!!

Task-Scheduler

每次手动发邮件毕竟不太爽啊,可以利用系统的定时器crontab定时发送,Laravel里有任务定时器可以玩一玩。修改app/Console/Kernel.php文件:

/**     * Define the application's command schedule.     *     * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule     * @return void     */    protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)    {        // $schedule->command('inspire')->hourly();        //$schedule->command('emails:send')->everyFiveMinutes();        $schedule->command('emails:send')->everyMinutes();    }

在终端输入 crontab -e 添加一个cron条目:

* * * * * php /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/laravelemail/artisan schedule:run 1>> /dev/null 2>&1

然后程序每隔一分钟发个邮件过来:

总结:本文主要以Laravel的Artisan Command、Mail和Task-Scheduler做一个好玩的小demo,来定时发发骚扰邮件,哈哈。还挺好玩的,可以试一试。。嘛,过几天想结合设计模式来聊聊Laravel,到时见。

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