PHP5.3以后, PHP 增加了匿名函数
匿名函数(Anonymous function),也叫闭包函数(closures),允许临时创建一个没有指定名称的函数。经常用作回调函数(callback)参数的值。当然,也有其他应用的情况。
匿名函数示例
<?php/** *preg_replace_callback执行一个正则表达式搜索并且使用一个回调进行替换 *其他同preg_replace*/echo preg_replace_callback('~-([a-z])~', function ($match) { return strtoupper($match[1]);}, 'hello-world');// 输出 helloWorld?>
匿名函数变量赋值
闭包函数也可以作为变量的值来使用。PHP 会自动把此种表达式转换成内置类 Closure 的对象实例。把一个 Closure 对象赋值给一个变量的方式与普通变量赋值的语法是一样的,最后也要加上分号。
闭包函数也可以作为变量的值来使用。PHP 会自动把此种表达式转换成内置类 Closure 的对象实例。把一个 closure 对象赋值给一个变量的方式与普通变量赋值的语法是一样的,最后也要加上分号
<?php$greet = function($name){ printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name);};$greet('World');$greet('PHP');?>
从父作用域继承变量
闭包可以从父作用域中继承变量。任何此类变量都应该用 use 语言结构传递进去。
<?php$message = 'hello';// 没有 "use"$example = function () { var_dump($message);};echo $example();// 继承 $message$example = function () use ($message) { var_dump($message);};echo $example();// Inherited variable's value is from when the function// is defined, not when called$message = 'world';echo $example();// Reset message$message = 'hello';// Inherit by-reference$example = function () use (&$message) { var_dump($message);};echo $example();// The changed value in the parent scope// is reflected inside the function call$message = 'world';echo $example();// Closures can also accept regular arguments$example = function ($arg) use ($message) { var_dump($arg . ' ' . $message);};$example("hello");?>
<?php// 一个基本的购物车,包括一些已经添加的商品和每种商品的数量。// 其中有一个方法用来计算购物车中所有商品的总价格,该方法使// 用了一个 closure 作为回调函数。class Cart{ const PRICE_BUTTER = 1.00; const PRICE_MILK = 3.00; const PRICE_EGGS = 6.95; protected $products = array(); public function add($product, $quantity) { $this->products[$product] = $quantity; } public function getQuantity($product) { return isset($this->products[$product]) ? $this->products[$product] : FALSE; } public function getTotal($tax){ $total = 0.00; $callback = function ($quantity, $product) use ($tax, &$total) { $pricePerItem = constant(__CLASS__ . "::PRICE_" . strtoupper($product)); $total += ($pricePerItem * $quantity) * ($tax + 1.0); }; array_walk($this->products, $callback); return round($total, 2);; }}$my_cart = new Cart;// 往购物车里添加条目$my_cart->add('butter', 1);$my_cart->add('milk', 3);$my_cart->add('eggs', 6);// 打出出总价格,其中有 5% 的销售税.print $my_cart->getTotal(0.05) . "\n";// 最后结果是 54.29?>
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