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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython Web框架Pylons中使用MongoDB的例子

Pylons 经过漫长的开发,终于放出了 1.0 版本。对于正规的产品开发来说,1.0 版本的意义很大,这表明 Pylons 的 API 终于稳定下来了。

Pylons 虽是山寨 Rails 而生,但作为一个纯 Python 的 Web 框架,它有一个鲜明的特点:可定制性强。框架每一层都没重新发明轮子,而是尽量整合现有的 Python 库。在 MVC 的 Model 层,Pylons 默认支持 SQLAlchemy。现在 NoSQL 很火 MongoDB 很热。在 Pylons 中应用 MongoDB 也很简单。下面是一个简单的示例。

在 PROJECT/model/__init__.py 中定义 MongoDB 初始化函数和映射对象:

复制代码 代码如下:

from ming import Session

from ming import schema
from ming.orm import MappedClass
from ming.orm import FieldProperty, ForeignIdProperty, RelationProperty
from ming.orm import ThreadLocalORMSession

session = None

def init_single_model(model_class):
    model_class.__mongometa__.session = session

class Page(MappedClass):
    class __mongometa__:
        session = session
        name = 'pages'

    _id = FieldProperty(schema.ObjectId)
    title = FieldProperty(str)
    content = FieldProperty(str)

def init_model(engine):
    global session
    session = ThreadLocalORMSession(doc_session=Session(engine))
    init_single_model(Page)
    MappedClass.compile_all()

在 PROJECT/config/environment.py 中进行初始化:

复制代码 代码如下:

from ..model import init_model
from ming.datastore import DataStore

def load_environment(global_conf, app_conf):

    ...

    # Create the Mako TemplateLookup, with the default auto-escaping
    config['pylons.app_globals'].mako_lookup = TemplateLookup(
        directories=paths['templates'],
        error_handler=handle_mako_error,
        module_directory=os.path.join(app_conf['cache_dir'], 'templates'),
        input_encoding='utf-8', default_filters=['escape'],
        imports=['from webhelpers.html import escape'])

    # Setup the mongodb database engine
    init_model(DataStore(config['database.uri']))

    # CONFIGURATION OPTIONS HERE (note: all config options will override
    # any Pylons config options)

    return config

最后在 development.ini 中加入 MongoDB 的配置项:

复制代码 代码如下:

[app:main]
database.uri = mongodb://localhost:27017/test

如果需要在程序安装时初始化一些数据, 可以在 PROJECT/websetup.py 中加入

复制代码 代码如下:

"""Setup the wukong application"""
import logging

import pylons.test

from .config.environment import load_environment
from . import model

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def setup_app(command, conf, vars):
    """Place any commands to setup wukong here"""
    # Don't reload the app if it was loaded under the testing environment
    if not pylons.test.pylonsapp:
        load_environment(conf.global_conf, conf.local_conf)

        log.info("Adding demo data.")
        page = model.Page(title='demo', content='This is for demo.')
        model.session.flush()
        log.info("Successfully set up.")

这里使用了 Ming 库来连接 MongoDB 并做简单的 ORM。Ming 库是对 PyMongo 的 ORM 包装库。它是 SourceForge 用 TurboGears 和 MongoDB 对网站进行重构的副产物。使用起来有点象 SQLAlchemy ORM 。在上面的示例中,也可以把 Ming 替换成 MongoKit 或其它 MongoDB 的 ORM 库,甚至直接用 PyMongo 也无不可。
有种感觉,MongoDB 会火。

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