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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial在python的WEB框架Flask中使用多个配置文件的解决方法

有些框架本身就支持多配置文件,例如Ruby On Rails,nodejs下的expressjs。python下的Flask虽然本身支持配置文件管理, 但单纯使用from_object和from_envvar却不是那么方便。有没有更好的办法?

答案是Flask-Environments这个包。它能通过FLASK_ENV环境变量自动选择开发环境配置或生产环境配置。使用之前要先安装:

复制代码 代码如下:
$ sudo pip install Flask-Environments
然后修改config.py,将公用配置和默认配置写入Config类,针对环境的特殊配置写入各个环境的类:
复制代码 代码如下:

# config.py
import os

class Config(object):
  DEBUG = True
  BASEDIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

  HOST = '0.0.0.0'
  PORT = '8000'

class Development(Config):  # inherit from Config
  pass

class Production(Config):
  DEBUG = False
  HOST = '127.0.0.1
  PORT = 14000


然后在生成app对象的地方加载配置:
复制代码 代码如下:

from flask import Flask
from flask_environments import Environments

app = Flask(__name__)
env = Environments(app)
env.from_object('config')


这样默认通过app.run()方式启动时会加载开发配置。若要启动生产环境,则要先设置环境变量FLASK_ENV=PRODUCTION:
复制代码 代码如下:

$ FLASK_ENV=PRODUCTION gunicorn -b 127.0.0.1:14000 myapp:app
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