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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial使用Python进行新浪微博的mid和url互相转换实例(10进制和62进制互算)

不过,status中包含了一个mid字段,通过mid,我们实际上是可以通过计算得到url的。

在开始计算之前有必要说明一下,什么是base62编码。它实际上就是十进制和62位进制的互换。对于62进制,从0数到9以后,10用小写字母a表示,接着数完26个字母,到z为35,然后36为大写字母A,一直到61为大写字母Z。所以,我们可以实现十进制数字base62编码的encode和decode。下面的代码实际上来自stackoverflow:

复制代码 代码如下:

ALPHABET = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

def base62_encode(num, alphabet=ALPHABET):
    """Encode a number in Base X

    `num`: The number to encode
    `alphabet`: The alphabet to use for encoding
    """
    if (num == 0):
        return alphabet[0]
    arr = []
    base = len(alphabet)
    while num:
        rem = num % base
        num = num // base
        arr.append(alphabet[rem])
    arr.reverse()
    return ''.join(arr)

def base62_decode(string, alphabet=ALPHABET):
    """Decode a Base X encoded string into the number

    Arguments:
    - `string`: The encoded string
    - `alphabet`: The alphabet to use for encoding
    """
    base = len(alphabet)
    strlen = len(string)
    num = 0

    idx = 0
    for char in string:
        power = (strlen - (idx + 1))
        num += alphabet.index(char) * (base ** power)
        idx += 1

    return num

下面先说url到mid的转换。对于一个新浪微博url,它是形如:http://weibo.com/2991905905/z579Hz9Wr,中间的数字是用户的uid,重要的是后面的字符串“z579Hz9Wr”。它的计算其实也很简单,从后向前四个字符一组,就得到:

复制代码 代码如下:

z
579H
z9Wr

将每个字符串用base62编码来decode,就可以得到它们的十进制数字分别为:

复制代码 代码如下:

35
1219149
8379699

将它们拼起来就可以得到mid为:“3512191498379699”。这里要强调的是:对于除了开头的字符串,如果得到的十进制数字不足7位,需要在前面补足0。比如得到的十进制数分别为:35,33040,8906190,则需要在33040前面添上两个0。
代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

def url_to_mid(url):
    '''
    >>> url_to_mid('z0JH2lOMb')
    3501756485200075L
    >>> url_to_mid('z0Ijpwgk7')
    3501703397689247L
    >>> url_to_mid('z0IgABdSn')
    3501701648871479L
    >>> url_to_mid('z08AUBmUe')
    3500330408906190L
    >>> url_to_mid('z06qL6b28')
    3500247231472384L
    >>> url_to_mid('yCtxn8IXR')
    3491700092079471L
    >>> url_to_mid('yAt1n2xRa')
    3486913690606804L
    '''
    url = str(url)[::-1]
    size = len(url) / 4 if len(url) % 4 == 0 else len(url) / 4 + 1
    result = []
    for i in range(size):
        s = url[i * 4: (i + 1) * 4][::-1]
        s = str(base62_decode(str(s)))
        s_len = len(s)
        if i             s = (7 - s_len) * '0' + s
        result.append(s)
    result.reverse()
    return int(''.join(result))

mid转为url也就很简单了,对于一个mid,我们从后向前每7位一组,用base62编码来encode,拼起来即可。同样要注意的是,每7个一组的数字,除了开头一组,如果得到的62进制数字不足4位,需要补足0。

复制代码 代码如下:

def mid_to_url(midint):
    '''
    >>> mid_to_url(3501756485200075)
    'z0JH2lOMb'
    >>> mid_to_url(3501703397689247)
    'z0Ijpwgk7'
    >>> mid_to_url(3501701648871479)
    'z0IgABdSn'
    >>> mid_to_url(3500330408906190)
    'z08AUBmUe'
    >>> mid_to_url(3500247231472384)
    'z06qL6b28'
    >>> mid_to_url(3491700092079471)
    'yCtxn8IXR'
    >>> mid_to_url(3486913690606804)
    'yAt1n2xRa'
    '''
    midint = str(midint)[::-1]
    size = len(midint) / 7 if len(midint) % 7 == 0 else len(midint) / 7 + 1
    result = []
    for i in range(size):
        s = midint[i * 7: (i + 1) * 7][::-1]
        s = base62_encode(int(s))
        s_len = len(s)
        if i             s = '0' * (4 - s_len) + s
        result.append(s)
    result.reverse()
    return ''.join(result)

运行doctest可以看到所有的测试用例都通过了。

最后其实我不太明白为什么新浪微博不直接把url包含在字段中,而新浪微博的开放平台也有很多不符合标准的地方,其实本文的内容并没有什么技术含量,不过就是让开发人员折腾一下。还有比如refresh token的问题等等,这里就不一一枚举了。

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