一个带有 yield 的函数就是一个 generator,它和普通函数不同,生成一个 generator 看起来像函数调用,但不会执行任何函数代码,直到对其调用 next()(在 for 循环中会自动调用 next())才开始执行。虽然执行流程仍按函数的流程执行,但每执行到一个 yield 语句就会中断,并返回一个迭代值,下次执行时从 yield 的下一个语句继续执行。看起来就好像一个函数在正常执行的过程中被 yield 中断了数次,每次中断都会通过 yield 返回当前的迭代值。
yield 的好处:把一个函数改写为一个 generator 就获得了迭代能力,比起用类的实例保存状态来计算下一个 next() 的值,不仅代码简洁,而且执行流程异常清晰。
测试代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
def fab(max):
"""斐波那契數列"""
n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
while n yield b
a, b = b, a + b
n += 1
def perm(items, n=None):
"""全排列"""
if n is None:
n = len(items)
for i in range(len(items)):
v = items[i:i+1]
if n == 1:
yield v
else:
rest = items[:i] + items[i+1:]
for p in perm(rest, n-1):
yield v + p
if __name__ == '__main__':
for n in fab(5):
print n
print "全排列:123"
for n in perm("123"):
print n

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