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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython使用函数默认值实现函数静态变量的方法

Python使用函数默认值实现函数静态变量的方法

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:42 AM
pythonfunctionfunction default valuestatic variable

本文实例展示了Python使用函数默认值实现函数静态变量的方法,具体方法如下:

一、Python函数默认值

Python函数默认值的使用可以在函数调用时写代码提供方便,很多时候我们只要使用默认值就可以了。 所以函数默认值在python中用到的很多,尤其是在类中间,类的初始化函数中一帮都会用到默认值。 使用类时能够方便的创建类,而不需要传递一堆参数。

只要在函数参数名后面加上 ”=defalut_value”,函数默认值就定义好了。有一个地方需要注意的是,有默认值的参数必须在函数参数列表的最后,不允许将没有默认值的参数放在有默认值的参数后,因为如果你那样定义的话,解释器将不知道如何去传递参数。

先来看一段示例代码:

def ask_ok(prompt, retries=4, complaint='Yes or no, please!'):
  while True:
    ok = raw_input(prompt)
    if ok in ('y', 'ye', 'yes'): return True
    if ok in ('n', 'no', 'nop', 'nope'): return False
    retries = retries - 1
    if retries < 0: raise IOError, 'refusenik user'
    print complaint

你调用上面的函数时,可以修改重试次数和输出的提示语言,如果你比较懒得话,那么什么都不用改。

二、python使用函数默认值来实现函数静态变量的功能

Python中是不支持静态变量的,但是我们可以通过函数的默认值来实现静态变量的功能。
当函数的默认值是内容是可变的类时,类的内容可变,而类的名字没变。(相当于开辟的内存区域没有变,而其中内容可以变化)。
这是因为python中函数的默认值只会被执行一次,(和静态变量一样,静态变量初始化也是被执行一次。)这就是他们的共同点。

再来看下面的程序片段:

def f(a, L=[]):
  L.append(a)
  return L
 
print f(1)
print f(2)
print f(3)
print f(4,['x'])
print f(5)

其输出结果是:

[1]
[1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
['x', 4]
[1, 2, 3, 5]

前面的好理解,为什么最后 “print f(5)”的输出是 “[1, 2, 3, 5]”呢?

这是因为 “print f(4,['x'])”时,默认变量并没有被改变,因为默认变量的初始化只是被执行了一次(第一次使用默认值调用),初始化执行开辟的内存区(我们可以称之为默认变量)没有被改变,所以最后的输出结果是“[1, 2, 3, 5]”。

相信本文所述实例对大家Python程序设计有一定的帮助作用。

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