PHP垃圾回收机制的理解
本文主要讨论PHP5.2和5.3的垃圾回收机制区别。
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5.2使用的是“引用计数”方式进行回收。简单地理解的话,就是每个分配的内存区域都有一个计数器,记录有多少个变量指针指向这片内存。当指向该片内存的指针数量为0,那么该片内存区域就可以被回收。
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引用计数计数简单,强大,但是有一个致命的缺陷,就是环状引用。考虑以下的代码:
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$a = array(); $a[] = &$a; unset($a);?
变量$a引用了自己,形成了一个环。$a被unset了,可是由于存在环状引用,因此$a之前指向的内存的引用计数为1,因此该内存区域不会被垃圾回收机制回收。
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PHP5.3针对这个重大的缺陷做了优化。虽然其基础仍然是引用计数,但是在做了一些改良,能够将环状引用导致的内存泄露控制在一定的规模以内。当然,这并不是说你可以随便滥用内存,编写代码时仍然要小心为上!
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其他要点:
1.PHP脚本运行完毕,该脚本申请的所有内存空间都会释放,不管是否存在环状引用。因此环状引用内存泄露的问题一般只影响长时间运行的程序脚本。
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2.垃圾回收机制需要满足一定的条件才会执行。因此unset后,系统并不一定会立即回收垃圾。
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3.unset的作用。
“unset只是断开一个变量到一块内存区域的连接,同时将该内存区域的引用计数-1”。也就是说,如果有一个以上的变量指向同一个内存区域,或者存在环状引用,那么unset不会使内存区域释放。断开也说明unset并不会直接删除内存区域,而只是改变其引用计数而已。
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4.$xx=null的作用。
“$a = null 是直接将$a 指向的数据结构置空,同时将其引用计数归0”。根据我对这个定义的理解,=null操作可以立即释放掉内存空间!因此很多PHP技巧中不厌其烦地对我们说,先将变量设为null,再unset。理解其深层原理后,我才彻底理解了这样做的原因!=null才是王道!
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更多的资料请看:
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/564573c62cc58bd63186bd35.html
http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/46642891
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What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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