PHP扩展模块结构
所有PHP扩展遵循一个共同的结构
参数 | 描述 |
ht | 接收的参数个数。考虑向后兼容,使用ZEND_NUM_ARGS()来代替ht |
return_value | 传递到PHP接口的返回值。 |
this_ptr | 如果这个函数是对象中的方法,this_ptr返回当前对象 |
return_value_used | 标志最终这个函数返回到PHP接口中是否被使用。 |
executor_globals | 指向zend引擎的全局设置。 |
建立zend_function_entry数组,提供给ZEND作为PHP的接口。
typedef struct _zend_function_entry { char *fname; void (*handler)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS); unsigned char *func_arg_types; } zend_function_entry;
参数 | 描述 |
fname | 提供给PHP中调用的函数名。例如mysql_connect |
handler | 负责处理这个接口函数的指针。 |
func_arg_types | 标记参数。可以设置为NULL |
static const zend_function_entry mysql_functions[] = { PHP_FE(mysql_connect, arginfo_mysql_connect) PHP_FE(mysql_pconnect, arginfo_mysql_pconnect) PHP_FE(mysql_close, arginfo__optional_mysql_link) PHP_FE(mysql_select_db, arginfo_mysql_select_db) {NULL, NULL, NULL} }
上述是mysql扩展中定义的zend_function_entry的部分。其中{NULL, NULL, NULL}标志数组的结束
此块信息必须存储在zend_module_entry结构中,包含模块的必要信息。例如,初始化模块函数指针,模块的名称,版本信息等。
struct _zend_module_entry { unsigned short size; unsigned int zend_api; unsigned char zend_debug; unsigned char zts; char *name; zend_function_entry *functions; int (*module_startup_func)(INIT_FUNC_ARGS); int (*module_shutdown_func)(SHUTDOWN_FUNC_ARGS); int (*request_startup_func)(INIT_FUNC_ARGS); int (*request_shutdown_func)(SHUTDOWN_FUNC_ARGS); void (*info_func)(ZEND_MODULE_INFO_FUNC_ARGS); char *version; [more] };
typedef struct _zend_module_entry zend_module_entry;
参数 | 描述 |
size, zend_api, zend_debug and zts | 通常使用STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER来填充, |
name | 扩展的名称 |
functions | 指向zend_functions_entry指针 |
module_startup_func | 模块初始化时被调用的函数指针。用来放一些初始化步骤。初始化过程中出现故障返回FAILURE,成功返回SUCCESS。声明一个初始化函数使用ZEND_MINIT |
module_shutdown_func | 模块被关闭时调用的函数指针,同来用来做一次性的析构步骤。如释放资源。 成功返回SUCESS,失败返回FAILURE,未使用返回NULL。声明使用ZEND_MSHUTDOWN |
request_startup_func | 每处理一次请求前调用此函数。成功SUCESS,失败FAILURE,未使用返回NULL。声明使用ZEND_RINIT。 从WEB来解释,就是每次请求调用此函数。 |
request_startup_func | 每处理一次请求前后调用此函数。成功SUCESS,失败FAILURE,未使用返回NULL。声明使用ZEND_RINIT。 |
request_shutdown_func | 每处理一次请求结束后调用此函数。成功SUCESS,失败FAILURE,未使用返回NULL。声明使用ZEND_RSHUTDOWN。 |
info_func | 当调用phpinfo()时打印出的关于此扩展的信息。 这个信息就是由此函数来输出的。 声明使用ZEND_MINFO |
version | 扩展的字符串版本号。若无版本号,可以使用NO_VERSION_YET |
[more] | 多余不重要的参数,可以使用宏STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES_EX或STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES |
zend_module_entry firstmod_module_entry = { STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER, "New Module", firstmod_functions, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NO_VERSION_YET, STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES, };
这是一个最基本的模块结构,模块名“New Module”,函数列表为firstmod_functions,未设置startup、shutdown函数
下面是名为test的PHP扩展的文件,通过上面的介绍,对比下面的代码,就会比较清晰的理解PHP扩展开发的步骤。
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #endif /*包含ZEND提供的API、宏和基本的PHP内置函数,例如php_trim*/ #include "php.h" #include "php_ini.h" #include "ext/standard/info.h" #include "php_test.h" /* 开启模块中的全局变量 */ ZEND_DECLARE_MODULE_GLOBALS(test) /* True global resources - no need for thread safety here */ static int le_test; /* * 声明函数数组,提供给PHP使用 */ const zend_function_entry test_functions[] = { PHP_FE(my_function, NULL) /* For testing, remove later. */ PHP_FE_END /* Must be the last line in test_functions[] */ }; /* }}} */ /* 模块结构,声明了startup\shutdown、模块名及phpinfo打印时的函数 */ zend_module_entry test_module_entry = { #if ZEND_MODULE_API_NO >= 20010901 STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER, #endif "test", test_functions, PHP_MINIT(test), PHP_MSHUTDOWN(test), PHP_RINIT(test), /* Replace with NULL if there's nothing to do at request start */ PHP_RSHUTDOWN(test), /* Replace with NULL if there's nothing to do at request end */ PHP_MINFO(test), #if ZEND_MODULE_API_NO >= 20010901 "0.1", /* Replace with version number for your extension */ #endif STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES }; #ifdef COMPILE_DL_TEST ZEND_GET_MODULE(test) #endif /* 从php.ini配置文件中读取配置信息 */ PHP_INI_BEGIN() STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY("test.global_value", "42", PHP_INI_ALL, OnUpdateLong, global_value, zend_test_globals, test_globals) STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY("test.global_string", "foobar", PHP_INI_ALL, OnUpdateString, global_string, zend_test_globals, test_globals) PHP_INI_END() /* 初始化全局变量默认值 */ static void php_test_init_globals(zend_test_globals *test_globals) { test_globals->global_value = 0; test_globals->global_string = NULL; } /* 模块第一次加载时被调用 */ PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(test) { /* 注册全局变量 */ REGISTER_INI_ENTRIES(); return SUCCESS; } /* 模块关闭时调用 */ PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(test) { /* 释放全局变量 */ UNREGISTER_INI_ENTRIES(); return SUCCESS; } /* 每次请求前调用 */ PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(test) { return SUCCESS; } /* /* 每次请求结束时调用 */ PHP_RSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(test) { return SUCCESS; } /* phpinfo()输出扩展信息 */ PHP_MINFO_FUNCTION(test) { php_info_print_table_start(); php_info_print_table_header(2, "test support", "enabled"); php_info_print_table_end(); /* 是否输出php.ini中的配置信息 DISPLAY_INI_ENTRIES(); */ } /* 定义函数my_function提供给PHP中使用 */ PHP_FUNCTION(my_function) { char *arg = NULL; int arg_len, len; char *strg; if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &arg, &arg_len) == FAILURE) { return; } len = spprintf(&strg, 0, "Congratulations! You have successfully modified ext/%.78s/config.m4. Module %.78s is now compiled into PHP.", "test", arg); RETURN_STRINGL(strg, len, 0); }

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.


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