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PHP数组下标类型陷阱

???? 项目使用PHP语言开发,其中用到了MONGO DB存储;MONGO DB里的数据是强类型,PHP里的数据是弱类型,上周五我在MONGODB里查询一个数据总是找不到,最后发现问题是PHP数组的数值型字符串下标自动转变成了整数型下标;因此虽然PHP是弱类型语言,我们也要关注变量当前什么类型,熟悉PHP的类型自动转换规则,在一些类型敏感的地方要进行类型判断或者强制类型转换。

??? 以下示例程序简单解释了这个现象:

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$id = "22";
$arr1[$id] = "xxx";
var_dump($arr1);
$id = 22;
$arr2[$id] = "xxx";
var_dump($arr2);
$id = "022";
$arr3[$id] = "xxx";
var_dump($arr3);
$id = "2222222222222";
$arr4[$id] = "xxx";
var_dump($arr4);

??? 这段程序的输出是:

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array(1) {
  [22]=>
  string(3) "xxx"
}
array(1) {
  [22]=>
  string(3) "xxx"
}
array(1) {
  ["022"]=>
  string(3) "xxx"
}
array(1) {
  ["2222222222222"]=>
  string(3) "xxx"
}
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??? 那么,PHP的数组字符串下标类型是怎么确定的呢?我们一起到PHP的源代码里看一看。

??? 首先,我们在Zend/zend_language_parser.y里搜索[,找到数组的语义解析规则:

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object_dim_list:
        object_dim_list '[' dim_offset ']'  { fetch_array_dim(&$$, &$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }                         
    |   object_dim_list '{' expr '}'        { fetch_string_offset(&$$, &$1, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
    |   variable_name { znode tmp_znode;  zend_do_pop_object(&tmp_znode TSRMLS_CC);  zend_do_fetch_property(&$$,  &tmp_znode, &$1 TSRMLS_CC);}   
;

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?? 我们使用的是数组,因此使用第一个规则fetch_array_dim,在fetch_array_dim函数里,我们发现生成的opcode是ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W(84)。在Zend/zend_vm_def.h里,ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W的处理函数里zend_fetch_dimension_address处理取下标逻辑。

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??? 继续跟踪下去,从zend_fetch_dimension_address函数到zend_fetch_dimension_address_inner,再到zend_symtable_update:

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static inline int zend_symtable_update(HashTable *ht, char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, void *pData, uint nDataSize,  void **pDest)                 \
{ 
    HANDLE_NUMERIC(arKey, nKeyLength, zend_hash_index_update(ht, idx, pData, nDataSize, pDest));
    return zend_hash_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, pData, nDataSize, pDest);                                      
} 

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?? HANDLE_NUMERIC这个宏很有意思,如果字符串下标arKey可转化为长整数idx,则调用zend_hash_index_update把数据插入到idx位置,否则调用zend_hash_update修改arKey位置的值 。我们看下宏的具体定义:

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#define HANDLE_NUMERIC(key, length, func) {                                             \
    register char *tmp=key;                                                             \
                                                                                        \
    if (*tmp=='-') {                                                                    \
        tmp++;                                                                          \
    }                                                                                   \
    if ((*tmp>='0' && *tmp<='9')) do { /* possibly a numeric index */                   \
        char *end=key+length-1;                                                         \
        long idx;                                                                       \
                                                                                        \
        if (*tmp++=='0' && length>2) { /* don't accept numbers with leading zeros */    \
            break;                                                                      \
        }                                                                               \
        while (tmp<end) {                                                               \
            if (!(*tmp>='0' && *tmp<='9')) {                                            \
                break;                                                                  \
            }                                                                           \
            tmp++;                                                                      \
        }                                                                               \
        if (tmp==end && *tmp=='\0') { /* a numeric index */                             \
            if (*key=='-') {                                                            \
                idx = strtol(key, NULL, 10);                                            \
                if (idx!=LONG_MIN) {                                                    \
                    return func;                                                        \
                }                                                                       \
            } else {                                                                    \
                idx = strtol(key, NULL, 10);                                            \
                if (idx!=LONG_MAX) {                                                    \
                    return func;                                                        \
                }                                                                       \
            }                                                                           \
        }                                                                               \
    } while (0);                                                                        \
}

??? 从宏里我们知道了字符串下标自动转化为长整数下标的规则:

??? 1. 全部为数字,但是不能有前导0,比如arKey="0123"不会转化成123

??? 2. 不能超过long的表示范围(LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX),即(-2147483648, 2147483647)

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