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PHP中单例模式和工厂模式学习总结

<?php
	//////////////////////////////////////////////
	//单例模式
	/**
	 *	数据库连接职责的集中控制
	 *	声明一个单例类
	*/
	class Database {
	
		private $_db;	//声明一个私有的实例变量(构造对象时这个变量的值会被填充)
		static $_instance	//声明一个静态变量(保存类中仅有的一个实例)
		
		//声明私有构造方法为了防止外部代码使用new操作符来创建对象
		private function _construct(){
			$this->_db = pg_connect('dbname = example_db');
		}
		
		//声明私有_clone方法为了消除php语言中可以复制对象从而破坏单一职责的一个漏洞
		private _clone(){};
		/**
		 *	声明getInstance()静态方法(单例模式实际构造);这个方法会检测静态实例变量是否已保存这个类的一个实例。
		 *	假如它没有包含自身的一个实例,那么类会初始化并且保存到$_instance变量中.
		 *	下次访问这段代码时,$_instance 变量会保存类的一个实例,并且这个实例不会再次初始化。最后,这个方法返回实例的引用
		*/
		public static function getInstance(){
			if( !(self::$_instance instanceof self) ){
				self::$_instance = new self();
			}
			return self::$_instance;
		}
		
		public function query($sql){
			return pg_query($this->_db, $sql);//使用$this->_db执行一个查询
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 *	对单例类的使用
	*/
	$db = Database::getInstance();
	$db->query('select * from example_table');
	
	/**
	 *	使用不能被实例化的纯静态类
	*/
	class SomeClass {
	
		//防止类被当作实例使用
		private function _construct(){}
		
		public static function SomeMethod(){
			//执行一些操作
		} 
		
	}
	
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//工厂模式:包含了一个专门用来创建其他对象的方法的类。
	
	/**
	 *	创建一个基本的工厂类
	*/
	class MyObject {
	
		//对象将从工厂返回
	}
	
	class MyFactory {
	
		public static function factory(){
			//返回对象一个新实例
			return new MyObject();
		}
	}
	//调用方法
	$instance = MyFactory::factory();

//////////////////////////////////////////	
	
	//图片对象工厂
	/**
	 *	使用工厂类解析图片文件
	*/
	interface IImage {
	
		function getHeight();
		function getWidth();
		function getData();
	}
	
	class Iamge_PNG implements IImage {
	
		private $_width, $_height, $_data;
		
		public function _construct($file){
			$this->_file = $_file;
			$this->_parse();
		}
		
		private function _parse(){
			//完成格式化解析工作
			//并填充$_width, $_height, $_data
		}
		
		public function getWidth(){
			return $this->$_width;
		}
		
		public function getHeight(){
			return $this->$_height;
		}
		
		public function getData(){
			return $this->$_data;
		}
		
	}
	
	class Iamge_JPEG implements IImage {
	
		private $_width, $_height, $_data;
		
		public function _construct($file){
			$this->_file = $_file;
			$this->_parse();
		}
		
		private function _parse(){
			//完成格式化解析工作
			//并填充$_width, $_height, $_data
		}
		
		public function getWidth(){
			return $this->$_width;
		}
		
		public function getHeight(){
			return $this->$_height;
		}
		
		public function getData(){
			return $this->$_data;
		}
		
	}
	
	class ImageFactory {
	
		public static function factory($file){
			$pathParts = pathInfo($file);
			switch (strtolower($pathParts['extension'])) {
				case 'jpg' :
					$ret = new Image_JPEG($file);
					break;
				case 'png' :
					$ret = new Image_PNG($file);
					break;
				case 'gif' :
					$ret = new Image_GIF($file);
					break;
				default;
					// PROBLEM
			}
			if($ret instanceof IImage){
				return $ret;
			}else{
				//problem
			}
			
		}
	
	}
	
	//
	$image = ImageFactory::factory('/path/to/my.jpg');
	//$image现在是Image_JPEG类的一个实例
	echo $image->getWidth();	
	
	/**
	 *	可移植的数据库
	 ×	使用工厂类解决数据库可移植问题。
	*/
	interface IDatabaseBindings {
		
		public function userExists($email);
		
	}
	
	class PGSQL implements IDatabaseBindings {
		
		protected $_connection;
		public function _construct() {
			$this->$_connection = pg_connect('dbname = example_db');
		}
		public function userExists($email) {
			$emailEscaped = pg_escape_string($email);
			$query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'.$emailEscaped.'"';
			if ($result = pg_query($query, $this->$_connection)) {
				return (pg_num_row($result > 0)) ? true : false;
			}else{
				return false;
			}
		}
		
	}	
	
	class MYSQL implements IDatabaseBindings() {
	
		protected $_connection;
		public function _construct() {
			$this->$connection = mysql_connect('localhost');
			mysql_select_db('example_db', $this->$_connection );
		}
		public function userExists($email) {
			$emailEscaped = mysql_real_escape_string($email);
			$query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'. $emailEscaped .'"';
			if ($result = mysql_query($query, $this->$_connection)) {
				return (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0 ) ? true : false;
			}else{
				return false;
			}
		}
	
	}
	
	class DatabaseFactory {
		
		public static function factory() {
		
			$type = loadtypefromconfigfile();
			switch ($type){
				case 'PGSQL':
					return new PGSQL();
					break;
				case 'MYSQL':
					return new MYSQL();
					break;
			}
		
		}
		
	}
	
	//用法
	
	$db = DatabaseFactory::factory();
	$db->userExists('person@example');
?>

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