PHP中单例模式和工厂模式学习总结
<?php ////////////////////////////////////////////// //单例模式 /** * 数据库连接职责的集中控制 * 声明一个单例类 */ class Database { private $_db; //声明一个私有的实例变量(构造对象时这个变量的值会被填充) static $_instance //声明一个静态变量(保存类中仅有的一个实例) //声明私有构造方法为了防止外部代码使用new操作符来创建对象 private function _construct(){ $this->_db = pg_connect('dbname = example_db'); } //声明私有_clone方法为了消除php语言中可以复制对象从而破坏单一职责的一个漏洞 private _clone(){}; /** * 声明getInstance()静态方法(单例模式实际构造);这个方法会检测静态实例变量是否已保存这个类的一个实例。 * 假如它没有包含自身的一个实例,那么类会初始化并且保存到$_instance变量中. * 下次访问这段代码时,$_instance 变量会保存类的一个实例,并且这个实例不会再次初始化。最后,这个方法返回实例的引用 */ public static function getInstance(){ if( !(self::$_instance instanceof self) ){ self::$_instance = new self(); } return self::$_instance; } public function query($sql){ return pg_query($this->_db, $sql);//使用$this->_db执行一个查询 } } /** * 对单例类的使用 */ $db = Database::getInstance(); $db->query('select * from example_table'); /** * 使用不能被实例化的纯静态类 */ class SomeClass { //防止类被当作实例使用 private function _construct(){} public static function SomeMethod(){ //执行一些操作 } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //工厂模式:包含了一个专门用来创建其他对象的方法的类。 /** * 创建一个基本的工厂类 */ class MyObject { //对象将从工厂返回 } class MyFactory { public static function factory(){ //返回对象一个新实例 return new MyObject(); } } //调用方法 $instance = MyFactory::factory(); ////////////////////////////////////////// //图片对象工厂 /** * 使用工厂类解析图片文件 */ interface IImage { function getHeight(); function getWidth(); function getData(); } class Iamge_PNG implements IImage { private $_width, $_height, $_data; public function _construct($file){ $this->_file = $_file; $this->_parse(); } private function _parse(){ //完成格式化解析工作 //并填充$_width, $_height, $_data } public function getWidth(){ return $this->$_width; } public function getHeight(){ return $this->$_height; } public function getData(){ return $this->$_data; } } class Iamge_JPEG implements IImage { private $_width, $_height, $_data; public function _construct($file){ $this->_file = $_file; $this->_parse(); } private function _parse(){ //完成格式化解析工作 //并填充$_width, $_height, $_data } public function getWidth(){ return $this->$_width; } public function getHeight(){ return $this->$_height; } public function getData(){ return $this->$_data; } } class ImageFactory { public static function factory($file){ $pathParts = pathInfo($file); switch (strtolower($pathParts['extension'])) { case 'jpg' : $ret = new Image_JPEG($file); break; case 'png' : $ret = new Image_PNG($file); break; case 'gif' : $ret = new Image_GIF($file); break; default; // PROBLEM } if($ret instanceof IImage){ return $ret; }else{ //problem } } } // $image = ImageFactory::factory('/path/to/my.jpg'); //$image现在是Image_JPEG类的一个实例 echo $image->getWidth(); /** * 可移植的数据库 × 使用工厂类解决数据库可移植问题。 */ interface IDatabaseBindings { public function userExists($email); } class PGSQL implements IDatabaseBindings { protected $_connection; public function _construct() { $this->$_connection = pg_connect('dbname = example_db'); } public function userExists($email) { $emailEscaped = pg_escape_string($email); $query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'.$emailEscaped.'"'; if ($result = pg_query($query, $this->$_connection)) { return (pg_num_row($result > 0)) ? true : false; }else{ return false; } } } class MYSQL implements IDatabaseBindings() { protected $_connection; public function _construct() { $this->$connection = mysql_connect('localhost'); mysql_select_db('example_db', $this->$_connection ); } public function userExists($email) { $emailEscaped = mysql_real_escape_string($email); $query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'. $emailEscaped .'"'; if ($result = mysql_query($query, $this->$_connection)) { return (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0 ) ? true : false; }else{ return false; } } } class DatabaseFactory { public static function factory() { $type = loadtypefromconfigfile(); switch ($type){ case 'PGSQL': return new PGSQL(); break; case 'MYSQL': return new MYSQL(); break; } } } //用法 $db = DatabaseFactory::factory(); $db->userExists('person@example'); ?>

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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