phpGACL中文手册(九)扩展权限对象
扩展权限对象
在 phpGACL 中可以通过配置扩展权限对象( AXO 对象)为第三方添加权限。我们已经知道了 phpGACL 是如何将 ARO 对象和 ACO 对象组成一个访问控制策略指令的,这主要用于简单的权限要求如:
Luke ( ARO 对象)要求访问"武器室"( ACO 对象)的权限
如果这是你所需要的,那么 AXO 对象就完全是可选的了!
但是由于所有的 ACO 对象都是相同的,因此如果它们存在很多的话那管理起来将是困难的。如果是这样情况的话,我们可以通过改变思考权限对象方式来使其管理起来更加容易。
AXO 对象在许多方面同 ARO 对象是一样的。这有一个 AXO 树(是从 ARO 树中分离出来的)有着自己的组和 AXO 对象。在处理 AXO 对象时,以看待 ACO 对象的方式来看待 AXO 对象(即"需要权限控制的事物"),而改变看待 ACO 对象的方式,从"需要权限控制的事物"变成"被要求的运作"。
看待只有 ARO 和 ACO 对象的方式:
- ARO 对象:要求权限的事物
- ACO 对象:需要权限控制的事物
看待 ARO 、 ACO 和 AXO 对象的方式:
- ARO 对象:要求权限的事物
- ACO 对象:被要求的动作
- AXO 对象:需要权限控制的事物
例如:
一个网站管理员想要管理访问该网站中项目的权限。一个由所有用户组成的
ARO
树如下所示:
Website
(网站)
├─Administrators
(管理者)
│ ├─Alice
│ └─Carol
└─Users
(用户)
├─Bob
└─Alan
在
AXO
树中通过操作系统分类项目被组织成:
Projects
(项目)
├─Linux
│ ├─SpamFilter2
│ └─AutoLinusWorshipper
└─Windows
├─PaperclipKiller
└─PopupStopper
对于每个项目而言,动作是"观看"和"编辑"。这些是 ACO 对象。
现在我们想要 Bob 对所有的 Linux 项目有"观看"的权限,因此可以添加一个 ADP 将 Bob 的 ARO 对象与观看的 ACO 对象和 Linux 的 AXO 对象连接在一起。于是我们可以问一个问题:
Bob ( ARO 对象)要求对一个叫 Linux 的项目( AXO 对象)有"观看"( ACO 对象)的权限
记住 AXO 是可选的,如果你在调用 acl_check() 函数时没有指明 AXO 对象或匹配到一个没有 AXO 对象的 ADP ,这是允许的。然而如果只有 AXO 对象的 APD 而你却调用没有 AXO 对象的 acl_check() 函数,那么系统将失败。
所以一旦你在调用 acl_check() 函数时指定了 AXO 对象的话, acl_check() 函数就只搜索含有 AXO 对象的 ACL 列表。如果 AXO 对象没有被指定,那么只有不含有 AXO 对象的列表才会被搜索。基于上述理论也使系统在性能上有所提升。

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

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The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


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