发一个php 5.4.10中容易与函数相混淆的语言结构列表
这里只发一些容易产生混淆的。因为语言结构有很多没必要都列出来,而且一个一个的去查手册太麻烦了。其实只要可以在zend_language_scanner.l中找到定义的,都是语言结构。像if、for、class、function、global、包括php的开始和结束标记以及那些运算符都是语言结构。
以下这些很多人错以为是函数:
exit
die
return
echo
print
eval
__halt_compiler
include
include_once
require
require_once
isset
empty
unset
list
另外还有一些特殊常量,也属于语言结构的一部分,只不过他们在运行时将会跟随当前环境进行特殊处理,而且他们的值只在局部有意义,不是全局的。
__CLASS__
__TRAIT__
__FUNCTION__
__METHOD__
__LINE__
__FILE__
__DIR__
__NAMESPACE__
这几个特殊常量,会在运行时进行绑定,就拿__CLASS__来说,他的绑定代码如下:
<ST_IN_SCRIPTING>"__CLASS__" {<br /> const char *class_name = NULL;<br /> <br /> if (CG(active_class_entry)<br /> && (ZEND_ACC_TRAIT ==<br /> (CG(active_class_entry)->ce_flags & ZEND_ACC_TRAIT))) {<br /> /* We create a special __CLASS__ constant that is going to be resolved<br /> at run-time */<br /> zendlval->value.str.len = sizeof("__CLASS__")-1;<br /> zendlval->value.str.val = estrndup("__CLASS__", zendlval->value.str.len);<br /> zendlval->type = IS_CONSTANT;<br /> } else {<br /> if (CG(active_class_entry)) {<br /> class_name = CG(active_class_entry)->name;<br /> }<br /> <br /> if (!class_name) {<br /> class_name = "";<br /> }<br /> <br /> zendlval->value.str.len = strlen(class_name);<br /> zendlval->value.str.val = estrndup(class_name, zendlval->value.str.len);<br /> zendlval->type = IS_STRING;<br /> }<br /> return T_CLASS_C;<br /> }
在第一次调用到__CLASS__时,会将当前相关信息装入zendval这个结构体中,包括他的名称、名称长度、值、类型。
可以看到那段注释:We create a special __CLASS__ constant that is going to be resolved at run-time
但需要注意的是,他只会与最初调用其的那个class进行绑定,继承他的子类不会再次绑定。如果写一个class a,在其中定义个方法foo,调用了__CLASS__这个特殊常量,然后再写一个class b继承class a并且继承那个方法,从子类调用foo时,获取到的将是父类class a的名称,而非子类的。大多数早期解释性语言都这样处理,但我试验了ruby,ruby会动态的根据当前调用的class重新绑定。所以获取到的是class b的名称。python没实验过,不知如何处理的。
另外语言结构和函数的区别还有如下两点:
1 没有返回值。
2 有些语言结构的接参数时可以不用括号括起来(不是全部),比如你可以echo 123,456;你可以include '/home/angryfrog/library/my_class.php',return 1;die和exit后面可以不要任何参数也可以不要括号。但eval和isset、unset还是需要括号。
------解决方案--------------------
感谢分享..
学习一下
------解决方案--------------------
include 没有返回值吗?
什么时候改的?

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

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PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

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