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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial 【明日毕业设计答辩,好紧张,求各路版主保佑】

【明天毕业设计答辩,好紧张,求各路版主保佑】
我做的是一个毕业设计选题系统,现在在熟悉代码。我知道哪个功能是通过哪段代码实现的,但是代码的具体含义我很模糊。望高手帮我在旁边注释在后边~~
由于我的这个项目是旧的基础上修改添加的部分功能,所以有时必须添加

extract($_POST);
或者
extract($_REQUEST);
才能运行一些功能,这是什么意思?
还有就是,我每一段执行数据库的代码后边都要跟这么几句
$query="select * from $student_table where xuehao='$xuehao'";<br />
	mysql_query("set names 'GB2312'");<br />
	$result=mysql_query($query);<br />
	$row=mysql_fetch_array($result);

还有这是修改课题的一段,我就不知道sn和ssn是干什么的。
$query="select number as sn,surplus as ssn from $keti_table where id='$id'";<br />
   mysql_query("set names 'gb2312'");<br />
   $result=mysql_query($query);<br />
   $row=mysql_fetch_array($result);<br />
		if($number1<$row['sn'])<br />
		{<br />
			if($number1<($row['sn']-$row['ssn']))<br />
			{<br />
				echo"<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#FF0000\"><b><big>人数不能少于现已选题人数,人数列修改失败!</big></b></font>";<br />
				echo"<meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"2;url=alter_jiaoshi.php\">";<br />
				exit;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
			{<br />
		    	$query2=mysql_query("update $keti_table set number='$newnumber' where id='$id'");<br />
				$query3=mysql_query("update $keti_table set surplus=surplus-($row[sn]-$newnumber) where id='$id'");<br />
				mysql_query("set names 'gb2312'");<br />
   				$result1=mysql_query($query3);<br />
			}<br />
		}<br />
		else<br />
		{<br />
			$query4=mysql_query("update $keti_table set number='$newnumber' where id='$id'");<br />
			$query5=mysql_query("update $keti_table set surplus=surplus+($newnumber-$row[sn]) where id='$id'");<br />
			mysql_query("set names 'gb2312'");<br />
   			$result2=mysql_query($query5);<br />
   		}<br />
		if($result==true)<br />
				{<br />
				   echo"<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#FF0000\"><b><big>修改课题成功!</big></b></font>";<br />
				   echo "<meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"1;url=jiaoshi_login.php\">";<br />
				   exit;<br />
				 }

这是下载资料的一段代码
$file_name="相关资料.rar";<br />
  $file_dir="temp/./";<br />
  if(!file_exists($file_dir.$file_name))<br />
  {<br />
  echo"<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#FF0000\"><b><big>无法找到该文件</big></b></font></p>";<br />
  echo "<meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"1;url=download.php\">";<br />
  exit;<br />
  }<br />
  else{<br />
  $file=fopen($file_dir.$file_name,"r");//打开文件<br />
  <br />
  Header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");  <br />
  Header("Accept-Ranges:bytes");  <br />
  Header("Accept-Length:".filesize($file_dir.$file_name));  <br />
  Header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$file_name);<br />
  readfile($file_dir.$file_name);<br />
<br />
  }

尤其是最后这段关于“可选”与“不可选”表单的,不懂

$surplus='';<br>
  extract($_REQUEST);<br>
  $n=0;<br>
     if(empty($offset))<br>
             {$offset=0;}<br>
  <br>
  mysql_query("set names 'GB2312'");<br>
  $where = (isset($surplus) && strlen($surplus)>0) ? " where surplus='$surplus'" : ''; //不懂…… <div class="clear">
                 
              
              
        
            </div>
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