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自己动手写一个简单的php模板引擎

模板引擎中最核心的思想是:将模板中的变量编译为php的变量进行输出。

例如:demo.tpl

{$data}
{$title}

那么模板引擎就要将{$data} {$title} 编译为

要实现这个功能使用正则替换就可以了:

$content = '{$data}{$title}';
$pattern = "/\{\\$([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\}/";
$content = preg_replace($pattern,'<?php echo \$this->tmpValue["$1"]  ?>',$content);
echo $content; // <?php echo $data; ?><?php echo $title; ?>

这就是php模板引擎的核心功能了。下面是我写的一个简单的php模板引擎

首先是tempTool.class.php 它的作用的提供模板引擎需要用到的一些小工具

<?php /**
 * 工具类
 **/
class tempTool
{
	protected $error = array();		//错误信息
	function __construct()
	{
	}
	/** 
         * 生成错误日志数组
         **/
        protected function error($k,$v)
        {
                if(!empty($k) && !empty($v)) {
                        $this->error[$k] = $v;
                }else {
                        exit('tempTool.class.php的error方法收到了不确定的参数错误!');
                }

        }
        /**
         * 获取错误信息
         **/
        public function getError() {
                foreach($this->error as $k=>$v) {
                        echo $k.$v.'<br>';
                }
        }
	
}
?>


然后是template.class.php 它的作用是提供模板引擎应该有的功能

<?php /**
 * 模板引擎类 用语提供模板引擎应该具有的方法
 **/
include_once "tempTool.class.php";
class template extends tempTool{
	private $config = array(
				'tmpDir'=>'template/',		// 模板文件目录
				'cmpDir'=>'compile/',		// 编译文件目录
				'cacheDir'=>'cache/',		// 缓存文件目录
				'tmpSuffix'	=>'.tpl',		// 模板文件后缀
				'cacheSuffix'	=>'.html',		// 缓存文件后缀
				'caching'	=>false			// 是否开启缓存
			);
	private $tmpFile;				// 模板文件
	private $cmpFile;				// 编译文件
	private $cacheFile;				// 缓存文件
	private $tmpValue = array();			// 变量值栈
	public function __construct($config = null)
	{
		// 同步配置
		if(is_array($config)) {
			$this->config = array_merge($this->config,$config);
		}
		// 检查模板编译缓存目录是否存在不存在创建
		if( !$this->checkDir($this->config['tmpDir']) || !$this->checkDir($this->config['cmpDir']) || !$this->checkDir($this->config['cacheDir']) ) {
			exit;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 检查目录是否存在不存在自动创建
	 **/
	private function checkDir($dir)
	{
		if(!is_dir($dir)) {
			if(!mkdir($dir)) {
				$this->errorLog[] = array('创建文件夹失败:'=>$dir);
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * 像模板中分配变量
	 * 
	 **/
	public function assign($k,$v)
	{
		if(!empty($k) && !empty($v)) {
			$this->tmpValue[$k] = $v;
		}else {
			$this->error('分配变量失败:','分配到模板中变量的key或者value为空!');
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 编译文件
	 **/
	public function display($tmpFile)
	{
		// 获取模板文件
		$tmpFile = $this->config['tmpDir'].$tmpFile.$this->config['tmpSuffix'];
		// 获取编译文件
		$cmpFile = $this->config['cmpDir'].md5($tmpFile.'compile').'.php';
		if(!file_exists($tmpFile)) {
			$this->error('模板文件不存在:',$tmpFile.'不存在');
		}
		// 当编译文件不存在或者是模板文件被修改过了才重新编译
		if(!file_exists($cmpFile) || filemtime($cmpFile) cmp($tmpFile,$cmpFile);
		}
		// 是否开启缓存
		if($this->config['caching']) {
			// 获取缓存文件
			$cacheFile = $this->config['cacheDir'].md5($tmpFile.'cache').$this->config['cacheSuffix'];
			// 当缓存文件不存在或者是模板文件被修改过重新生成缓存文件
			if(!file_exists($cacheFile) || filemtime($cacheFile) error('编译文件生成失败:',$cacheFile);
				}
			}
			//载入缓存文件
            		include $cacheFile;
		}else {
			// 载入编译文件
			include_once $cmpFile;
		}
	}
}


compile.class.php  编译类将模板文件编译为php文件

<?php /**
 * 编译类将模板文件编译为php文件
 **/
include_once "tempTool.class.php";
class compile extends tempTool
{
	private $content; 			// 文件编译后的内容
	/**
	 * 将模板文件编译php文件
	 **/
	function cmp($tmpFile,$cmpFile)
	{
		if(!($content = file_get_contents($tmpFile))){
			$this->error("文件读取失败:",$tmpFile);	
		}
		$pattern = "/\{\\$([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\}/";
		$this->content = preg_replace($pattern,'<?php echo \$this->tmpValue["$1"]  ?>',$content);
		$this->parse($cmpFile);
		
	}
	/**
	 * 将编译好的内容写入文件
	 **/
	public function parse($cmpFile)
	{
		if(!file_put_contents($cmpFile,$this->content)){
			$this->error('文件写入失败:',$cmpFile);
		}
	}
}
?>

下面进行一下测试:

1. 新建一个 template 文件夹 在里面写 一个模板 demo.tpl

{$data}
{$title}
2.新建一个demo.php

<?php $config = array('caching'=>true);
include_once "template.class.php";
$tmp = new template($config);
$tmp->assign('data','ccc');
$tmp->assign('title','这时测试用例');
$tmp->display('demo');


结果输出 ccc这时测试用例  

可以看一下cache目录和 compile目录下  会生成一个缓存文件 和一个编译文件

这时就成功了

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