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HomeWeb Front-endJS Tutorial在JS中最常看到切最容易迷惑的语法(转)_javascript技巧

js中大括号有四种语义作用
语义1,组织复合语句,这是最常见的

复制代码 代码如下:

if( condition ) {
//...
}else {
//...
}
for() {
//...
}

语义2,对象直接量声明
复制代码 代码如下:

var obj = {
name : 'jack',
age : 23
};

整个是个赋值语句,其中的{name:'jack',age:23}是个表达式,单独存在也不会出现语法错误的。
语义3,声明函数或函数直接量
复制代码 代码如下:

function f1(){
//...
}
var f2 = function(){
//...
}

f1与非f2的区别是前者在语法解释期,后者在运行期。区别在于:如果调用该函数的代码在函数定义之后,则没有区别;如果调用该函数的代码在函数定义之前,则f1仍然可以调用,f2则会报错,提示f2未定义。
语义4,结构化异常处理的语法符号
复制代码 代码如下:

try {
//...
}catch( ex ){
//...
}finally{
//...
}

这里的大括号与符合语句(语义1 )是有区别的,大括号中如果只有一条语句,在if/else/for等中大括号是可以省略的,但try/catch/finally则不能省略。
以下代码纠结了偶N久
复制代码 代码如下:

function(){}() //匿名函数立即执行, 语法分析期报错
{}.constructor //获取对象直接量的构造器,语法分析期报错

令人不解的是为何[].constructor这么写却不报错呢,一个是想获取对象直接量的构造器,一个是获取数组直接量的构造器而已。
当然添加个变量接收也不会报错
var c = {}.constructor;
同样的情况如
var fn = function(){}(),也不会报错。
实际上是js的“语句优先”在作怪,即{}被理解成复合语句块(语义1 )而不是对象直接量(语义2 )或声明函数(语义3 )的语义。
function(){}(),大括号被理解成复合语句,自然前面的function()声明函数的语法不完整导致语法分析期出错。
{}.constructor,大括号被理解成复合语句,大括号后面是点运算符,点运算符前没有合理的对象自然也报错。
修复方式众所周知:加个强制运算符()
(function(){})(),(function(){});//强制其理解为函数(语义3 ),“函数()”表示执行该函数,即声明后立即执行了。
({}).constructor //({})强制把大括号理解成对象直接量(语义2 ),“对象.xx”表示获取对象的成员,自然后面的点运算符可以正常执行了。

延伸:JQUERY插件编写需要预先运行篇
如果注意一些JQ插件,你经常会发现以下代码:
(function($){$(function(){/*code*/})}($))
如果你看了上面的文章,你就会发现为什么会有这个东西了,很多JQ的插件都需要在没有使用的时候就预先运行的,不过我编写的时候到很少遇到会写这样的插件.不过很多时候也有好处的~~
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