Cakephp 三 (一) 惯例优先原则(convention over configuration)
Cakephp 3 (一) 惯例优先原则(convention over configuration)
在Cakephp 3 cookbook中提到,Cakephp 是惯例优先原则的忠实实践者。Cakephp中,提供一套完整的约定编程体系。惯例优先原则是一个重要的设计模式,目的是统一项目过程中命名不一致的问题,有效加快版本迭代更新速度。
Cakephp 3中 MVC三个模块的命名规则有具体介绍。
1) 控制器命名(Controller Convention)
控制器类(Controller class)是复数、骆驼拼写法(CamelCased),以Controller结尾。例如订单(Order)控制器,写为 OrdersController。
在控制器中,可以自定义多个公开的方法,如order中有个public function view(),url对应为/orders/view。
如果遇到多单词组合的控制器类(如RedApplesController),其对应的url有四种等价形式
- /redApples
- /RedApples
- /Red_apples
- /red_apples
注:cakephp有一整套完善的routing改写机制。可以把上述url改写成dashedroute,例如 /red-apples/go-pick, 对应为RedApplesController::goPick()
2) 文件和类名命名 (Model and Database Conventions)
对于控制器(Controller),如RedApplesController,对应文件叫做RedApplesController.php
对于组件(Component),如MyHandyComponent,对应文件叫做MyHandyComponent.php
对于数据表处理类(Table),如AppleTable.php, 对应文件叫做AppleTable.php
3) 模式和数据库命名规则
Table类是复数、骆驼拼写法(CamelCased),如People,BigPeople,ReallyBigPeople等。相对应的,在数据库中的命名为:复数,并带有下划线。如people, big_people, really_big_people.
在数据表中,外键的命名(Foreign key), 如面包师有很多蛋糕,则在蛋糕表中,有外键baker_id.从例子看出,外键命名为单数_id
4) 视图命名(View Convention)
在控制器中可以创建function,如PeopleController::getReady(),在文件夹中,会显示为people/get_ready.ctp
用一个例子来总结Cakephp的命名规则:
数据库表格:people - 复数,小写
控制器:PeopleController - 复数,骆驼
视图:PeopleController:: index()
关于Cakephp惯例优先原则看似繁琐。但在实际运用中,Cakephp如同RoR,Laveral一样提供了command工具,进行Fast development。 在下一个章节,我会具体谈到,如何使用command工具。

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