CodeIgniter框架学习要点
以下内容从兄弟连的CI教学视频中摘抄:
http://codeigniter.org.cn/tutorials/
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Codeigniter框架
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讲师:邹义良
微博:weibo.com/it266
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主要内容
CI简介
深入MVC设计模式
CI中的控制器与视图
CI中的超级对象
数据库访问
AR模型
如何扩展CI的控制器
url相关函数
设置路由
分页
文件上传
Session
验证码
表单验证
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CI是什么?
CodeIgniter是一个轻量级但功能强大的PHP框架
基于MVC设计模式,提供了一套丰富的类库
简单易学,高效实用
官方网站
www.codeigniter.com
中文网站
http://codeigniter.org.cn
下载当前最新版本
CodeIgniter_2.1.4.zip
(截止2015.7.1最新版为3.0.0——笔者注)
有什么特点?
你想要一个小巧的框架
你需要出色的性能
你需要广泛兼容标准主机上的各种 PHP 版本和配置
CI 2.1.4 需要PHP5.1.6
你想要一个几乎只需 0 配置的框架
你想要一个不需使用任何命令符的框架
你想要一个不需坚守限制性编码规则的框架
你不希望被迫学习一门模板语言(虽然可以选择你喜欢的模板解析器)
你不喜欢复杂,热爱简单
你需要清晰,完整的文档
目录结构说明
license.txt 许可协议
user_guide 用户手册
syste 框架核心文件
application 应用目录
index.php 入口文件
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MVC
1.入口文件
唯一一个让浏览器直接请求的脚本文件
2.控制器
协调模型和视图
3.模型
提供数据,保存数据
4.视图
只负责显示
表单...
5.动作action
是控制器中的方法,用于被浏览器请求
CI中的MVC
访问url使用的是pathinfo
入口文件.php/控制器/动作
application目录中:
controllers 控制器
models 模型
views 视图
默认控制器是welcome
默认动作是index
控制器
1.不需要加后缀
2.文件名全部小写 例如 user.php
3.所有的控制器,直接或间接继承自CI_Controller类
4.控制器中,对动作(方法)要求:
public
不能以_开头
视图
1.在控制器中如果加载视图
//直接写视图名字,不写扩展名,如果有子目录,则写上目录名
2.视图中,直接使用原生PHP代码
3.推荐使用
=$item['name']?>
超级对象
当前的控制器对象
提供了很多属性:
$this->load
装载器类的实例 system/core/loader.php
装载器类提供的方法:
view() 装载视图
vars() 分配变量到视图
database() 装载数据库操作对象
model() 装载模型对象
helper()
$this->uri
是CI_URI类的实例 system/core/URI.php
CI_URI类提供的方法:
segment()用于获取uri中的参数
传统的:入口文件.php/控制器/动作/参数1/值1/参数2/值2
入口文件.php/控制器/动作/值1/值2
echo $this->segment(3);//值1
echo $this->segment(4);//值2
//index.php/控制器/index/6
public function index($p=0){ echo $p;//输出6
}
$this->input
输入类
是CI_URI类的实例 system/core/input.php
CI_URI类提供的方法:
$this->input->post('username'); //等价于$_POST['username'];
$this->input->server('DOCUMENT_ROOT'); //等价于$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];
$this->input->server('REMOTE_ADDR');
在视图中,直接用$this来访问超级对象中的属性
数据库访问
修改配置文件
application/config/database.php
将数据库访问对象 装载到超级对象的属性中 $this->db
$this->load->query($sql);//返回对象
$res=$this->db->query($sql);//返回对象
$res->result();//返回数组,数组中是一个一个的对象
$res->result_array();//返回二维数组,里面是关联数组
$res->row()//返回第一条数据,直接是一个对象
参数绑定
$sql="select * from blog_user where name=?";
$this->db->query($sql,$name);//如果有多个问号时,需要传入一个索引数组
表前缀
$db['default']['dbprefix'] = 'new_';
$db['default']['swap_pre'] = 'swap_';
配置为一样,代码中,直接硬编码表前缀就行了,如果以后项目数据库表前缀发生变化,
只需要修改$db['default']['dbprefix'] = 'new_';代码中的swap_会自动替换为new_
db的自动加载
application\config\autoload.php
$autoload['libraries'] = array(database);
不需要:$this->load->database();
取自增id
$this->db->insert_id();
受影响行数
$this->db->affected_rows();
Active record
1.application/config/database.php
确保$active_record = TRUE;
2.application/config/autoload.php
$autoload['libraries'] = array(database);
3.在配置文件中,正确配置表前缀后,会自动添加
$res->$this->db->get('表名');//返回结果集对象
$res->result();
$bool=$this->db->insert('表名',关联数组);
$bool=$this->db->update('表名',关联数组,WHERE条件);
$bool=$this->db->delete('表名',WHERE条件);
//select uid,username from user where uid>=3 order by uid desc limit 2,3
$res=$this->db->select('uid,username')
->from('user')
->where('uid >=',1)
->limit(3,2)//跳过2条,取出3条数据
->order_by('uid desc')
->get();
//显示最进一条sql语句
echo $this->db->last_query();
//where
//$res=$this->db->where('username','marry')->get('user');
//$res=$this->db->where('username !=','marry')->get('user');
//$res=$this->db->where('username','marry')->get('user');
$res=$this->db->where(array('username'=>'hanyile','uid 3))->get('user');
echo $this->db->last_query();
复杂的查询请用$this->db->query($sql,$data);//使用问号绑定查询

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


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