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java和PHP对比

选择java还是选择PHP?学习java还是学习PHP?java好还是PHP好?java强大还是PHP强大?语言的纷争一直没有停歇过,我并想参与纷争,我只想从各个角度和我知道的实际情况,对二者做个全面剖析。希望对即将入行的朋友一点参考。

  1. 1、java和php技术层面对比:??????java是纯面向对象开发,功能强大,分支众多,没有java不能做的软件。C/S也好B/S也 好。从功能上讲,没有语言可以和java相比。但其优势也是其劣势,具体参考第6点。??????PHP属于后起之秀,吸收了java和c以及perl等 语言优点,专注互联网领域。WEB领域PHP拥有得天独厚的优势,WEB领域没有语言可以和他比。??????两者相比,基本上java完胜。但是其实并 没有太大的可比性,专注领域不同。单纯拿两者都可以做的WEB来说,PHP完胜。

  2. 2、java和php市场份额对比:??????java语言算是古老,多年的发展,其在C/S领域和B/S领域都占有一席之地,特别是在电信和银 行行业。但随着社会需求的变化和其他语言的专注,java的市场正被一点点蚕食,WEB领域几乎被PHP一统天下,嵌入式领域几乎被C++一统天下,客户 端领域几乎被C语言一统天下,要不是安卓的出现,java的命运还真不好说了。其之前积累的巨大java帝国不会一下子崩塌,一定是有一个过程。所以现在 学习并不需要担心其前途,现在学习你更需要担心的却是近十年间英才辈出的javaer,和大批正在进入java阵营的同业者。??????PHP在市场描 述就比较简单了,因为我们只要看一个领域,那就是web领域。WEB领域php的市场超过80%,其余的则是如java- JSP,asp,C#,.NET,python,ruby等。网站500强中有395家使用PHP。全球最大的两个网站facebook和新浪微博全在使 用PHP。??????两者相比,算平分秋色。

  3. 3、java和PHP的发展空间对比??????安卓势头很猛,但手机安装app数量有限,推广难,也是app面临的最大挑战,好在安卓只有 JAVA可以做,除此之外就是HTML5了。??????中国人口占全球人口19.7%,中国网民占全球网民22.4%,中国网站数量占全球网站数量的 0.5%,网站的可发展空间可谓巨大;发达国家互联网对GDP的贡献可达20%,中国互联网对GDP的影响仅为3%。可谓互联网的发展空间巨大,而互联网 离不开WEB,WEB离不开PHP。??????两者相比,个人觉得PHP的优势更加明显。

  4. 4、java和PHP的薪资对比??????薪资事由供求关系决定的,人才缺失,薪资自然高,人才饱和,薪资自然不会高。??????java由于 大学基本都有这个课程,很多人想从事软件行业的时候,自然就学习JAVA了,加上java近10年的火爆,人才辈出,整个java行业是处于供大于求的。 南京地区:一个30人的java培训班,最后差不多10人找不到理想的工作而转行,最低薪资甚至只有1000多元,就有人肯干。当然java学的好的,薪 资4000多也是不少的。??????PHP完全依托于市场的驱动,难点在于很多人并不了解PHP,也没途径可以了解,根本原因是大学没有这个课程,我知 道的,南京百十所高校只有晓庄学院开了PHP课程,而且不是作为主修。市场对PHP的需求,高校并不清楚,高校更愿意推符合学院派特点的 java。??????学习php的人少,企业需求多,导致PHP薪资远远超过了同行业者。一般起薪没有低于3000元的。南京地区高的早已经突破 4500元。北上广更是突破了6000元的起薪。??????两者相比:除了java工作难找,但只要找到了工作,高位线是差不多的,低位线JAVA明显 处于劣势。

  5. 5、java和php的薪资涨幅速度对比:??????java是公认的难,难上手,真正上手需要至少1-2年,而这期间都属于学徒级别,薪资涨幅 有限。2年后会有一个较大的涨幅,基本拿个6-7千是没有问题的。??????PHP是公认的简单,上手极快,基本过了试用期就可以涨工资了,PHPer 正常是半年涨一次薪资,前3年的幅度都还可以,1年5-6千,2年7-8千。3年能过万的也大有人在。??????两者相比:其实php的前端优势明显, 后段双方区域持平。并不像很多人说的PHP后面难涨,PHP缺人,但更缺熟手。java也不像很多人吹嘘的那样高薪,两级分化严重。其实也很正常,越难的 语言,两级分化越是严重。

  6. 6、java和php各自发展的瓶颈:??????JavaEE体系曾经统治企业级软件开发长达数十年之久,十年间英才辈出,但是Java语言本身 却越来越显示出臃肿和分裂的态势。使用Java是个昂贵的选择,复杂的需求设计, 缓慢的项目进度,昂贵的应用服务器和维护难度使Java成为了一种庙堂之上的语言。而版本的分裂也使所谓的跨平台特性成为了一句空话。Java的特性使得 它并不适合业务随着市场快速变化的互联网企业,WEB领域几乎被PHP一统天下,嵌入式领域几乎被C++一统天下,客户端领域几乎被C语言一统天下,要不 是安卓的出现,java的命运还真不好说了。php的大中型系统开发,方便、快速、是java跟asp.net没法比拟的, 还有php有很多如yaf,yii,ci等强大的框架, 中小型一般系统的开发,一个thinkphp就足于通杀java的ssh三大框架了。??????PHP由于其简单,快速开发等特点,也导致了开发复杂应 用稍显吃力,所谓成也萧何败也萧何,PHP由于其关注应用层面,开发基本不需要考虑底层的东西,导致其开发快速,学习简单;但也导致了学习PHP工作一段 时间比较容易遇到瓶颈,PHP在5.3版本后加入了更为强大的扩展,通过PHP的扩展可以实现PHP本身实现不了的功能。所以PHP开发遇到了这样瓶颈, 可以考虑通过扩展来解决,facebook和weibo.com正在大量使用扩展功能去应对一个又一个的难题。新浪微博架构师兼首席PHP技术顾问惠新宸 一直在专注与PHP底层原理的研究和分享。扩展是被他认为PHP最伟大的地方。

  7. 7、java和PHP的岗位数对比:??????一下数据出自2014年9月初的百度统计:??????2014年9月初,全国java招聘岗位数为82703个。

    全国java招聘岗位数

    ??????2014年9月初,全国PHP招聘岗位数为47263个。

    全国PHP招聘岗位数

    ??????java的岗位数差不多是PHP岗位数的2倍不到。但值得深思的是,java的人才数量是PHP人才数量的100倍还不止。

  8. 8、java和PHP的学习成本对比:??????java学习,是公认的难。难以上手,难以理解。自学时间成本是12个月,自学成功率不到 10%,培训时间成本也近6个月。培训费用平均成本大致为15000元左右。成为熟手的时间成本为2年。成为高手的时间成本一般为5年以 上。??????PHP学习,是公认为最简单的语言。解释性语言,无需编译。自学时间成本是6个月,自学成功率20%,培训时间成本3个月。培训费用平均 成本8000元左右。成为熟手的时间成本为1年。成为高手的时间成本一般为3年以上。??????两者相比,java的学校成本要明显高于PHP。

  9. ? ? ? 总结一下:java和PHP各有各的优势,说到明天早上也不一定说的完,我想说的是学习哪一个,都是OK的。??????想学java就从事安卓行业,想 从事WEB领域,就学习PHP。??????由于java的学习难度,没有基础或者基础不好的同学还是谨慎选择,对于零基础的同学还是PHP可能更加适合 一点。

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